Growth During Adolescence

Question 1

biological maturation

Answer 1

maturation of different tissues in the body

Question 2

biological maturation measured via..

Answer 2

physical maturity of different organs or tissues

Question 3

skeletal maturation

Answer 3

• use radiograph
• the most accepted method for defining biological age

Question 4

indicators for skeletal maturation

Answer 4

• how much cartilage has been replaced by bone?
• have primary ossification centers appeared? secondary?
• has the growth plate fused?

Question 5

dental maturation

Answer 5

• time or age of eruption of the deciduous and permanent teeth
• calcification of permanent teeth (x-ray) various

Question 6

sexual maturation

Answer 6

• difficult to characterize sexual age based on hormones or releasing factors because they are released sporadically
• tanner developed a series of qualitative measures based on the appearance of secondary sex characteristics

Question 7

tanner method

Answer 7

• 5 point qualitative scale assigned after examination of photos
• stage 1 (preadolescent) up to stage 5 (adult)

Question 8

somatic maturation

Answer 8

overall body development

Question 9

all measurements in males seem to be shifted 2 years later

Answer 9

• age at onset of growth spurt (age at take off)
• age at peak height velocity
• peak height velocity (cm/year)
• age at peak rate of strength development
• correlates well with skeletal maturation

Question 10

average age of take off (initiation of growth spurt)

Answer 10

when the growth curve switches from deceleration of acceleration
- females: 8-9
- males: 10.3

Question 11

age at peak height velocity

Answer 11

• females: 11.4
• males: 13.4

Question 12

peak height velocity (cm/year)

Answer 12

• females: 7
• males: 8.2

Question 13

in most cases, B2 (budding of breasts) and G2 (enlargement of the genitalia) are..

Answer 13

the first overt signs of sexual maturity

Question 14

most girls are in B2 and B3 and PH2 and PH3..

Answer 14

at the time of PHV (however, all 5 stages represented)

Question 15

most boys are in PH3 and G4..

Answer 15

at the time of PHV (however, all 5 stages represented)

Question 16

menstruation occurs about..

Answer 16

1 year or more after PHV and when most girls are in stages B4 and PH4

Question 17

youngest age at take off

Answer 17

females 6.5 and males 7.5

Question 18

oldest age at take off

Answer 18

females 12.9 and males 13.5

Question 19

youngest age at PHV

Answer 19

females 9 and males 12

Question 20

oldest age at PHV

Answer 20

females 15 and males 15.5

Question 21

slowest PHV

Answer 21

females 5cm/year and males 6.7cm/year

Question 22

fastest PHV

Answer 22

females 10cm/year and males 12.4cm/year

Question 23

spacing of growth spurts varies - proportions change

Answer 23

1. peak leg length velocity (distal portions of limbs begin spurts prior to proximal portions)
   - females ~11.5 and males ~13.5
2. stature (PHV)
   - females ~12 and males ~14
3. peak trunk velocity (sitting height)
   - females ~12.5 and males ~14.5
4. peak weight velocity, usually occurs after PHV (~1/2 yr)
   - no body dimensions show growth spurts after peak weight velocity