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Year 3 Paediatrics > Growth & Development (bj) > Flashcards

Growth & Development (bj) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major phases of childhood?

A 
<4wks = Neonate
<12months = Infant
<2yrs = Toddler
<5yrs = Pre-schooler
Primary Schooler
Adolescent
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2
Q

What are the 5 key developmental fields?

A 
Gross Motor
Fine Motor
Speech & Language
Social
Self-care
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3
Q

How do you do milestones with premature kids?

A

Correct for how premature they are up to 2yrs of age then stop correcting

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4
Q

What are the red flags of developmental delay?

A
  • No social smile by 2 months
  • Not sitting unsupported by 9 months
  • Not walking by 18 months
  • No words by 2 yrs
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5
Q

What are the steps of the Child Health Programme Scotland?

A

1) New born exam and blood spot screening
2) 28 days = newborn hearing screening
3) 2 wks = HV visits
4) 6-8wks = Review
5) 27-30 months = Review
6) 4-5yrs = Orthoptist screening

Reviews cover measurments, feeding, domains of development, exam and any parental concerns

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6
Q

What would stop us doing normal immunisations?

A

Not an egg allergy
Not if premature (do it by chronological age)

Do delay if unwell
Avoid live vaccines if immunocompromised

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7
Q

SEs of vaccines?

A

Mild Temp
Discomfort
Swelling

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8
Q

What do we use to monitor growth?

A

Weight
Length then height (after 2yrs)
Head Circumference

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9
Q

Whats the average growth measurments at birth?

A

3.3Kg, 50cm long and 35cm head

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10
Q

Whats the average growth measurments at 12 months?

A

10Kg, 75cm and 45cm head

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11
Q

What skills would you expect from a 3 month old

A

Gross motor –> hold head up, roll belly to back and begin to creep

Fine Motor –> reaches for & picks up toys with 1 hand

Speech –> “coo”

Social/safe care –> Taking to mouth, social smile & recognising mum

Hearing/Vision –> should be following objects with eyes and turning to sounds.

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12
Q

What skills would you expect from a 6 month old

A

Gross motor –> Roll back to belly and Sitting (without support by 8-9months!)

Fine Motor –> transfers across midline

Language –> Simple 2 syllable babble!, responds to name!

Social –> Recognises people + Stranger Awareness! & plays with simple objects

Self-care –> Feeds self

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13
Q

What skills would you expect from a 9 month old?

A

Gross Motor –> Crawls, pulls to stand

Fine motor –> Grasps with Finger/thumb!

Speech –> responds to “No” and uses certain sounds for things. ~understand simple words

Social –> Plays social games e.g. peekaboo & look for toys that fall out of sight!

/self care –> Can pick up a spoon by handle

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14
Q

What skills might you expect from a 1yr old?

A

Gross Motor –> stand without support, walks without help by 18 months! may run

Fine Motor –> stacks blocks

Speech –> Uses simple words! and responds to simple requests

Social –> Shared attention/points at thing’s of interest!

self care –> Drinks alone from glass/feeds self with spoon!

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15
Q

What skills might you expect from a 18month old?

A

Gross motor = runs, kicks ball, walks stairs

Fine motor = scribbles with crayon

Social –> Pretend play

Self care = May remove simple clothes

Speech = uses atleast 10 words, starts to make sentences by 21-24months!

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16
Q

What skills might you expect from a 2yr old?

A

Speech = 30-50words and sentences

Social = Play’s with kids & “helps” with household tasks

Gross Motor = plays on slides/ladders etc

Self-Care = Opens door and eventually dresses self

17
Q

What skills might you expect from a 3yr old?

A

Gross Motor = Ride a Tricycle

Fine Motor = Draws circles!

Speech = Asks why, when how questions

Social = Gives directions to other kids

self care - toilet trained

18
Q

What are the key developmental milestones?

A

Social smiling
Sitting
Walking
Words

19
Q

At what age would you expect social smiling?

A

2 months

20
Q

At what age would you expect sitting?

A

Unsupported by 9 months

21
Q

At what age would you expect a child to walk?

A

Take first steps by 1yr (avg)
Be up to running by 2

Refer at 18 months if not walking unsupported

22
Q

At what age do you expect the first words?

A 
Cries when wet/hungry = 1 month
Coos when comfy = 3 months
2 syllable babble = 6 months
Certain words for certain things = 9months
Simple words = 1yr
Words together & basic sentences = 2+yrs
Sentences & 50+ words = 3yrs
23
Q

Define Failure to Thrive?

A

Growing too slowly in form or function for the expected level at their age

24
Q

What could cause failure to thrive?

A

Deficient intake
Increased demand
Increased nutrient loss
Non-organic causes

25
Q

What might cause deficient intake in a baby?

A

Maybe mum’s got a problem e.g. poor lactation or incorrectly preparing feeds

Maybe baby can’t feed e.g. cleft palate or cerebral palsy

26
Q

What could cause increased demand in a baby?

A 
Heart disease
Infection
IBD
Malignancy
Lung Disease
27
Q

What could cause increased loss of nutrients?

A

GORD
Gastroenteritis
Coeliac

28
Q

What non organic things could cause FTT?

A

Low socioeconomic status
Neglect
Emotional Deprivation
Lack of parental support or education

29
Q

How would you approach FTT?

A

After history and exam trial feeding the baby in hospital where you can observe the feeding, mums handling etc

30
Q

How would we follow up FTT if hospital trial showed good intake?

A

If the baby starts to gain weight then the problem was something non-organic happening at home that doesn’t happen in hospital

If baby still isn’t gaining weight despite feeding well then theres an organic pathology e.g. GORD, IBD, Heart disease, inf, coeliac etc

31
Q

How would we follow up FTT if hospital trial showed poor intake?

A

Organic cause
Feeding Disorder
Non-organic that should be able to spot while observing feeding etc

32
Q

What Antenatal Factors could -vely influence baby’s development?

A

Infections e.g. CMV, rubella or VZV

Toxins e.g. Alc, smoking or anti-epileptics

33
Q

What postnatal things could -vely affect baby’s development?

A 
Brain infections
Toxins e.g. lead
Trauma e.g. head
Malnutrition --> Iron, folate, vit D deficiency
Metabolic --> Glc or Na derangement
Maltreatment
Maternal mental health
34
Q

Whats the most important skill by 3.5yrs?

A

Follows a series of 3 simple instructions in order

35
Q

What’s the most important skill of 4.5years?

A

Draws a person with 3 parts e.g. arms, head, eyes ,nose etc

Year 3 Paediatrics (36 decks)

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