Derm - Infections & Systemic Flashcards

1
Q

Try to think of the major childhood infections:

A
  • Impetigo
  • Molluscum Contagiosum
  • Warts
  • Viral Exanthems
    e. g. Chicken pox, slapped cheek and Hand, Foot & Mouth disease
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2
Q

Define Impetigo?

A

An acute superficial bacterial infection caused by Staph Aureus

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3
Q

What would impetigo look like?

A

Honey coloured crusted lesions, often on face

Pustules

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4
Q

How would you treat impetigo?

A

1) 1% hydrogen peroxide cream (newly recommended)
2) Topical antibiotics - Fusidic acid (Fucidin)
3) Oral flucloxacillin - if extensive

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5
Q

What does molluscum Contagiosum look like?

A

Pearly nodules with umbilicated centre

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6
Q

What causes Mollusucum Contagiosum and how do we treat it?

A

Molluscipox Virus

Self limiting so just reassurance mostly (24 months to clear)

Can use 5% Potassium Hydroxide

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7
Q

What causes viral warts?

A

HPV

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8
Q

How do you treat viral warts?

A

SElf-limiting (24 months avg)

  • Reassurance
  • Cryotherapy
  • Topical paints (Salicylic Acid)
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9
Q

What is a viral exanthem?

A

A widespread rash caused by a viral illness e.g. chicken pox

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10
Q

What causes Chiken pox and how is it transmitted?

A

Primary VZV infection

Contagious from:

  • 1-2days before rash appears
  • Until lesions have crusted
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11
Q

What does chicken pox look like?

A

Red papules –> Vesicles
Itchy
Starts on trunk

+Viral symptoms e.g. runny nose, fever etc

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12
Q

How do you manage chicken pox?

A

It’s self-limiting so just infection control i.e. keep out of nursery

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13
Q

What are the rare complications of chicken pox?

A

encephalitis

Pneumonia

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14
Q

What causes Slapped Cheek?

A

Parvovirus B19 target Red cells in the marrow

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15
Q

What does Slapped Cheek Look like?

A

A red rash on face
Progresses to a lace-like network rash on the trunk/limbs

+ Viral Symptoms

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16
Q

How do we manage Slapped Cheek?

A

Self-limiting so mostly just reassure (takes up to 6wks to fade)

17
Q

Complications of slapped cheek?

A

Aplastic Crisis (if haemolytic)

Risk to pregnant women of abortion, IUD & Hydrops Fetalis

18
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie Virus A16

19
Q

What does H, F & M look like?

A

Blisters on the hand, foot and mouth

+ viral symptoms

20
Q

How do we manage H, F & M?

A

SElf-limiting like the other viral exanthems

Just give supportive therapy

21
Q

What are the major systemic skin conditions in kids?

A
  • Orofacial Granulomatosis ass with crohn’s
  • Dermatitis Herpetiformis ass with Coeliac

Erythema Nodosum (ass with IBD)

Urticaria

22
Q

What does Orofacial granulomatosis look like?

A

Lip swelling + fissuring

Oral Mucosal lesions with a cobblestone appearance

23
Q

What could cause erythema nodosum?

A
  • Inf e.g. Strep, mycobacteria or URTI
  • Drugs e.g. Penicillin, OCP & Sulphonamides
  • Sarcoid
  • IBD
  • Idiopathic
24
Q

What does erythema nodosum look like?

A

Erythematous subcu nodules, mostly on shins

25
Q

What does Dermatitis Herpetiformis look like?

A

ITchy clusters of blisters

Often symmetrical

Scalp, shoulder, buttock, knee and elbow

26
Q

How do you test for an treat Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

A

Confirm Coeliac
Skin biopsy

Emollients and topical steroids
Dapsone (abx)
Gluten restriction

27
Q

Finally what does urticaria look like?

A

Red rash that rises and fall rapidly (minutes up to 24 hours)

+~10% get angioedema

28
Q

What can cause urticoaria?

A

Chronic is mostly idiopathic (prob autoimmune)

Acute (<6wk) could be:

  • Meds e.g. NSAIDs or Opiates
  • Food or Med Allergy
  • Viral/Bacterial Inf
  • Vaccination
29
Q

How do you manage Urticaria?

A

Try removing triggers e.g. meds or foods

1) Antihistamines
2) H2 receptor antagonist (Ranitidine)
3) Montelukast
4) Omalizumab (mAB)
5) Cyclosporin (Immunosuppresant)