Growth, Development and Behavior Flashcards
1
Q
The neonatal period begins at birth and include the _____.
A
1st mo. of life
2
Q
Mothers whose early childhood wee marked by _____ may find it especially difficult to provide consistent, responsive care
A
traumatic separations
abuse
neglect
3
Q
Prenatal Risk Factors for Attachment
A
recent death of a loved one previous loss of or serious illness of another child prior removal of a child depression or serious mental illness infertility or pregnancy loss troubled relationship with parents financial stress or job loss marital discord or poor relationship with other parent recent move or no community ties no friends or social network unwanted pregnancy no good parenting model experience of poor parenting drug and/or alcohol abuse extreme immaturity
4
Q
Returning to work should be delayed for at least _____ by which time feeding and basic behavioral adjustments have been established.
A
6 weeks
5
Q
A _____ is a woman trained to offer friendly support and encouragement during labor whose presence results in shorter labor, fewer obstetric complications and reduced postpartum hospital days
A
doula
6
Q
Postpartum depression may occur in the first _____ after delivery.
A
1 week - 6 mos.
7
Q
Early skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth may correlate with an increased rate and longer duration of _____.
A
breastfeeding
8
Q
Anthropometrics:
weight at birth
A
- 4 kg
7. 5 lbs
9
Q
Anthropometrics:
length at birth
A
50 cm
20 in
10
Q
Anthropometrics:
head circumference at birth
A
35 cm
14 in
11
Q
Neonates are near-sighted with a focal length of _____, approximately the distance between the breast and the mother’s face.
A
8-12 in
12
Q
A newborn’s hearing is well developed and there is preference for a _____.
A
female voice
13
Q
Newborns have a visual preference for _____.
A
faces
14
Q
Overaroused infants show signs of _____.
A
autonomic instability
15
Q
6 Behavioral States of an Infant
A
quiet sleep active sleep drowsy alert fussy crying
16
Q
The newborn’s first office visit should occur during the first _____.
A
2 weeks after discharge
17
Q
For newborns who were discharged early, are breastfeeding and are at risk for jaundice, follow-up should be done _____.
A
1-3 days after discharge
18
Q
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Gross Motor
A
prone: arms and legs flexed, pelvis high ventral suspension: head held below body supine: arms/legs semi-flexed pull to sit: complete head lag held upright: legs extended
19
Q
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Fine Motor
A
grasp reflex
drop object immediately
hands remain fisted
sweeping movements towards object
20
Q
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Language
A
Expressive: crying, whimpering
Receptive: startledby loud sound
21
Q
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Personal-Social
A
gazes at faces, colored objects and bright lights
22
Q
Physiologic Weight Loss
A
↓10% BW in the 1st week
*excretion of excess extravascular fluid, limited nutritional intake
23
Q
Infants regain or exceed their birth weight by _____.
A
2 weeks
24
Q
Infants grow ______ during the 1st mo.
A
30 g/day
*fastest postnatal growth
25
Infants from 0-2 mos. can already differentiate among _____.
patterns
colors
consonants
26
Infants who are consistently picked up and held in response to distress_____ and show _____.
cry less at 1 y.o.
| less aggressive behavior at 2 y.o.
27
Crying peaks at _____ then decreases to _____.
```
6 weeks (3h/day)
≤ 1h at 3 mos.
```
28
The cerebellar white matter acquires myelin by 1 mo. and is completely myelinated by _____.
3 mos.
29
Myelination progresses from _____.
posterior to anterior
30
Physiologic changes in the first 2 mos. allow the establishment of _____.
feeding routines
| predictable sleep-wake cycle
31
Neurologic maturation allows consolidation of sleep into _____ during the first 2 mos. of life.
5-6 hours/night
32
Infants at 2 mos. can discriminate rhythmic patterns in _____.
native vs. non-native language
33
_____ is present in 20% of infants < 2 mos. and although inmost it is a transient and normal behavioral activity, it is often associated with parental concern and distress.
Crying/Fussiness
34
At 2-6 mos. emergence of _____ and _____ mark the change in the parent-child relationship.
voluntary (social) smiles
| increasing eye contact
35
Between 3-4 mos., rate of growth is _____.
20 g/day
36
By 4 mos. birthweight is _____.
doubled
37
Total sleep requirements at 2-6 mos. are approximately_____.
14-16 hours/day
38
By _____, the sleep EEG shows a mature pattern.
4-6 mos.
39
At 4 mos., infants are described as _____ socially, becoming interested in a wider world.
hatching
40
The first stage of personality development occurs during _____.
2-6 mos.
41
Motor maturation makes infants at _____ exciting and interactive.
3-6 mos.
42
At _____, infants develop will and intentions.
6-12 mos.
43
By the 1st birthday, birth weight has _____, length has increased by _____, and HC has increased by _____.
3x BW
↑50% length
+10 cm HC
44
Thumb-finger grasp develops at _____.
8-9 mos.
45
Pincer grasp develops at _____.
12 mos.
46
Tooth eruption occurs at _____ starting with the _____.
6-12 mos.
| mandibular central incisors
47
Object permanence is achieved at _____.
9 mos.
48
Stranger anxiety usually develops with _____.
object permanence
49
The first true word appears in concert with an infant's discovery of _____.
object permanence
50
Gross Motor Milestones:
| holds head steady while sitting
2 mos.
51
Gross Motor Milestones:
| pulls to sit with no head lag
3 mos.
52
Gross Motor Milestones:
| brings hands together in midline
3 mos.
53
Gross Motor Milestones:
| asymmetric tonic neck reflex gone
4 mos.
54
Gross Motor Milestones:
| sits without support
6 mos.
55
Gross Motor Milestones:
| rolls back to stomach
6.5 mos.
56
Gross Motor Milestones:
| walks alone
12 mos.
57
Gross Motor Milestones:
| runs
16 mos.
58
Developmental Implications:
| holds head steady while sitting
allows more visual interaction
59
Developmental Implications:
| pulls to sit with no head lag
muscle tone
60
Developmental Implications:
| brings hands together in midline
self-discovery of hands
61
Developmental Implications:
| asymmetric tonic neck reflex gone
can inspect hands in midline
62
Developmental Implications:
| sits without support
increasing exploration
63
Developmental Implications:
| rolls back to stomach
truncal flexion, risk of falls
64
Developmental Implications:
| walks alone
exploration, control of proximity to parents
65
Developmental Implications:
| runs
supervision more difficult
66
Fine Motor Milestones:
| grasps rattle
3.5 mos.
67
Fine Motor Milestones:
| reaches for objects
4 mos.
68
Fine Motor Milestones:
| palmar grasp gone
4 mos.
69
Fine Motor Milestones:
| transfers object hand to hand
5.5 mos.
70
Fine Motor Milestones:
| thumb-finger grasp
8 mos.
71
Fine Motor Milestones:
| turns pages of book
12 mos.
72
Fine Motor Milestones:
| scribbles
13 mos.
73
Fine Motor Milestones:
| builds tower of 2 cubes
15 mos.
74
Fine Motor Milestones:
| builds tower of 6 cubes
22 mos.
75
Developmental Implications:
| grasps rattle
object use
76
Developmental Implications:
| reaches for objects
visuomotor coordination
77
Developmental Implications:
| palmar grasp gone
voluntary release
78
Developmental Implications:
| transfers object hand to hand
comparison ofobjects
79
Developmental Implications:
| thumb-finger grasp
able to explore small objects
80
Developmental Implications:
| turns pages of book
increasing autonomy during book time
81
Developmental Implications:
| scribbles
visual-motor coordination
82
Developmental Implications:
| builds tower of 2 cubes
uses objects in combination
83
Developmental Implications:
| builds tower of 6 cubes
requires visual, gross, and fine motor coordination
84
Communication and Language Milestones:
| smiles in response to face, voice
1.5 mos.
85
Communication and Language Milestones:
| monosyllabic babble
6 mos.
86
Communication and Language Milestones:
| inhibits to "no"
7 mos.
87
Communication and Language Milestones:
| follows one-step command with gesture
7 mos.
88
Communication and Language Milestones:
| follows one-step command without gesture
10 mos.
89
Communication and Language Milestones:
| says "mama" or "dada"
10 mos.
90
Communication and Language Milestones:
| points to objects
10 mos.
91
Communication and Language Milestones:
| speaks first real word
12 mos.
92
Communication and Language Milestones:
| speaks 4-6 words
15 mos.
93
Communication and Language Milestones:
| speaks 10-15 words
18 mos.
94
Communication and Language Milestones:
| speaks 2-word sentences
19 mos.
95
Developmental Implications:
| smiles in response to face, voice
more active social participant
96
Developmental Implications:
| monosyllabic babble
experimentation with sound, tactile sense
97
Developmental Implications:
| inhibits to "no"
response to tone (non-verbal)
98
Developmental Implications:
| follows one-step command with gesture
non-verbal communication
99
Developmental Implications:
| follows one-step command without gesture
verbal receptive language
100
Developmental Implications:
| says "mama" or "dada"
expressive language
101
Developmental Implications:
| points to objects
interactive communication
102
Developmental Implications:
| speaks first real word
beginning of labeling
103
Developmental Implications:
| speaks 4-6 words
acquisition of object and personal names
104
Developmental Implications:
| speaks 10-15 words
acquisition of object and personal names
105
Developmental Implications:
| speaks 2-word sentences
beginning grammatization, corresponds with 50-word vocabulary
106
Cognitive Milestones:
| stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared
2 mos.
107
Cognitive Milestones:
| stares at own hand
4 mos.
108
Cognitive Milestones:
| bangs 2 cubes
8 mos.
109
Cognitive Milestones:
| uncovers toy after seeing it hidden
8 mos.
110
Cognitive Milestones:
| egocentric symbolic play
12 mos.
111
Cognitive Milestones:
| uses stick to reach toy
17 mos.
112
Cognitive Milestones:
| pretend play with doll
17 mos.
113
Developmental Implications:
| stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared
lack of object permanence
114
Developmental Implications:
| stares at own hand
self-discovery, cause and effect
115
Developmental Implications:
| bangs 2 cubes
active comparison of objects
116
Developmental Implications:
| uncovers toy after seeing it hidden
object permanence
117
Developmental Implications:
| egocentric symbolic play
beginning symbolic thought
118
Developmental Implications:
| uses stuck to reach toy
able to link actions to solve problems
119
Developmental Implications:
| pretend play with doll
symbolic thought
120
Most children begin to walk independently near their _____.
1st birthday
121
Language develops in a sequence where _____.
receptive language precedes expressive language
122
By ____, the average child points to major body parts and uses 4-6 words spontaneously and correctly.
15 mos.
123
By 24 mos., children are about _____ of their ultimate adult height.
1/2
124
90% of adult HC is achieved by _____.
2 y.o.
125
Increased clinginess develops at _____ and a _____ may be used as a symbol of the absent parent.
18 mos.
| transitional object
126
Self-conscious awareness and internalized standards of behavior first appear at _____.
18-24 mos.
127
The most dramatic development during 18-24 mos. is _____.
linguistic
128
A child's vocabulary balloons from _____ at 18 mos. to _____ at 2 y.o.
10-15 words - 18 mos.
| 50-100 - 2 y.o.
129
Children start to understand 2-step commands at _____.
18-24 mos.
130
Gross Motor Milestones:
| run, pivots, walk backwards
15 mos.
131
Gross Motor Milestones:
| walk upstairs with rails
18 mos.
132
Gross Motor Milestones:
| jump with both feet
24 mos.
133
Gross Motor Milestones:
| jump forward, pedal tricycle
30 mos.
134
Fine Motor Milestones:
| spontaneous scribbling
15 mos.
135
Fine Motor Milestones:
| imitate stroke on paper
18 mos.
136
Fine Motor Milestones:
| imitate vertical lines
24 mos.
137
Fine Motor Milestones:
| draw circle with series of perseverating lines
30 mos.
138
Languange Milestones:
| two-word phrases, able to follow 2-step commands
24 mos.
139
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Prone - lies in flexed attitude, turns head from side to side, head sags on ventral suspension
neonate
140
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Supine - generally flexed and a little stiff
neonate
141
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Visual - may fixate face on light in line of vision, "doll's eye", movement of eyes on turning of the body
neonate
142
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Reflex - Moro response active, stepping and placing reflexes, grasp reflex active
neonate
143
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - visual preference for human face
neonate
144
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Prone - legs more extended, holds chin up, turns head, head lifted momentarily to plane of body on ventral suspension
1 mo.
145
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Supine - tonic neck posture predominates, supple and relaxed, head lags when pulled to sit
1 mo.
146
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Visual- watches person, follows moving object
1 mo.
147
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - body movements in cadence with voice of other in social contact, beginning to smile
1 mo.
148
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Prone - raises head slightly farther, head sustained in plae of body on ventral suspension
2 mos.
149
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Supine - tonic neck posture predominated, head lags when pulled to sit
2 mos.
150
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Visual - follows moving object 180 degrees
2 mos.
151
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - smiles on social contact, listens to voice and coos
2 mos.
152
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Prone - lifts head and chest with arms extended, head above plane of body on ventral suspension
3 mos.
153
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Supine -tonic neck posture predominated, reaches toward and missed objects, waves at tooy
3 mos.
154
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Sitting- head lag partially compensated when pulled to sit, early head control with bobbing motion, back rounded
3 mos.
155
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Reflex - typical Moro response has not persisted, makes defensive movements or selective withdrawal reactions
3 mos.
156
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - sustained social contact, listens to music, says "aah, ngah"
3 mos.
157
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Prone - lifts head and chest, with head in approximately vertical axis, legs extended
4 mos.
158
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Supine - symmetric posture predominated, hands midline, reaches and grasps objects and brings them to mouth
4 mos.
159
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Sitting - no head lag when pulled to sit, head steady, tipped forward, enjoys sitting with full truncal support
4 mos.
160
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Standing - when held erect, pushes with feet
4 mos.
161
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Adaptive - sees raisin, but makes no move to reach for it
4 mos.
162
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - laughs out loud, may show displeasure is social contact is broken, excited at sight of food
4 mos.
163
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Prone - rolls over, pivots, crawls, creep-crawls
7 mos.
164
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Supine - lifts head, rolls over, squirms
7 mos.
165
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Sitting - sits briefly, with support of pelvis, leans forward on hands, back rounded
7 mos.
166
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Standing - may support most of weight, bounces actuvely
7 mos.
167
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - reaches out for and grasps largeobjects, transfers objects hand to hand, grasp uses radial palm, rakesat raisin
7 mos.
168
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Language - forms polysyllabic vowel sounds
7 mos.
169
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - prefers mother, babbles, enjoys mirror, responds to changes in emotional content of social contact
7 mos.
170
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Sitting - siits up alone and indefinitely without supportm back straight
10 mos.
171
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Standing - pulls to stand, cruises or walks holding on to furniture
10 mos.
172
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Motor - creeps or crawls
10 mos.
173
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - grasps objects with thumb and forefinger, pokes at things with forefinger, picks up pellet with assisted pincer movement, uncovers hidden toy, attempts to retrieve dropped object, releases object grasped by other person
10 mos.
174
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Language - repetitive consonant sounds
10 mos.
175
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - responds to sound of name, plays peek-a-boo or pat-a-cake, waves bye-bye
10 mos.
176
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Motor - walks with one hand held, rises independently, takes several steps
1 y.o.
177
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive -picks up raisin with unassisted pincer movement of forefinger and thumb, releases object to other person on request or gesture
1 y.o.
178
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Language - says a few words besides "mama" or "dada"
1 y.o.
179
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - plays simple ball game, makes postural adjustment to dressing
1 y.o.
180
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Motor - walks alone, crawls up stairs
15 mos.
181
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Adaptive - makes tower of 3 cubes, makes line with crayon, inserts raisin in bottle
15 mos.
182
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Language - jargon, follows simple commands, may name a familiar object, responds to his-her name
15 mos.
183
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - indicates some desires or needs by pointing, hugs parents
15 mos.
184
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Motor - runs stiffly, sits on small chair, walks up stairs with hand heldm explores drawers and wastebaskets
18 mos.
185
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Adaptive - makes tower of 4 cubes, imitates scribbling, imitates vertical stroke, dumps raisin from bottle
18 mos.
186
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Language - 10 words, names pictures, identifies 1 or more parts of body
18 mos.
187
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social- feeds self, seeks help when in trouble, may complain when wt or soiled, kisses parent with pucker
18 mos.
188
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Motor - runs well, walks up and down stairs, 1 step at a time, opens doors, climbs furniture, jumps
24 mos.
189
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - makes tower of 7 cubes, scribbles in circular pattern, imitates horizontal stroke, folds paper once imitatively
24 mos.
190
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Language - puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object)
24 mos.
191
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - handles spoon well, often tells about immediate experiences, helps undress, listens to stories when shown pictures
24 mos.
192
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Motor - goes up stairs alternating feet
30 mos.
193
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - makes tower of 9 cubes, makes vertical and horizontal strokes, but generally will not join them to make cross, imitates circular stroke, forming closed figure
30 mos.
194
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Language - refers to self by pronoun "I", knows full name
30 mos.
195
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - helps put things away, pretends in play
30 mos.
196
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Motor - rides tricycle, stands momentarily on 1 foot
36 mos.
197
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Adaptive - makes tower of 10 cubes, imitates construction of bridge of 3 cubes, copies circle, imitates cross
36 mos.
198
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - knows age and sex, counts 3 objects correctly, repeats 3 numbers or a sentence of 6 syllables, most of speech intelligible to strangers
36 mos.
199
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - plays simple games (parallel play), helps in dressing (unbuttons clothing, puts on shoes), washes hands
36 mos.
200
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Motor - hops on 1 foot, throws ball overhand, uses scissors to cut out pictures, clims well
48 mos.
201
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - copies bridge from model, imitates construction of gate of 5 cubes, copies cross and square, draws man with 204 parts beside head, identifies longer of 2 lines
48 mos.
202
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Language - counts 4 pennies accurately, tells story
48 mos.
203
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - plays with several children, with beginning of social interaction and role-playing, goes to toilet alone
48 mos.
204
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Motor - skips
60 mos.
205
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Adaptive - draws triangle from copy, names heavier of 2 weights
60 mos.
206
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Language - names 4 colors, repeats sentence of 10 syllables, counts 10 pennies correctly
60 mos.
207
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
| Social - dresses and undresses, asks questions about meaning of words, engages in domestic role-playing
60 mos.
208
The critical milestones for 2-5 y.o. are _____.
emergence of language
| expanding social sphere
209
Birthweight quadruples by _____.
2 1/2 y.o.
210
An average 4 y.o. weighs _____ and is _____ tall.
40 lbs.
| 40 in.
211
Head circumference will grow an additional _____ between 3-18 years.
5 cm
212
Handedness is established at _____.
3 years
213
Bowel and bladder control emerges during _____.
preschool years (2-5 y.o.)
214
Bedwetting is normal up to _____.
4 y.o. - girls
| 5 y.o. - boys
215
At _____, the number of words in a typical sentence equals the child's age
2-5 y.o.
216
_____ with a child improves vocabulary and receptive language.
Reading aloud
217
_____ of children will stutter but resolve in _____.
5%
| 80% by 8 y.o.
218
Magical thinking, egocentrism and thinking that is dominated by perception are present during the
preschool years (2-5 y.o.)
219
After _____, the child develops a concept of self as an individual (needs to feel whole).
2 y.o.
220
TV and similar media should be limited to _____.
2 hrs/day
221
At 2 y.o., behavioral limits are _____ and by 5 y.o., these controls need to be _____.
external - 2 y.o.
| internal - 5 y.o.
222
Tantrums lasting _____ or regularly occurring _____ may reflect underlying medical, emotional and social problem.
> 15 min.
| > 3x/day
223
During _____, curiosity about genitals and adult sexual organs is normal, as is masturbation.
preschool years (2-5 y.o.)
224
Before the 2nd birthday, the child's sense of right and wrong stems from _____.
the desire to earn approval from the parents
| avoid negative consequences
225
Discipline during the preschool years should be _____.
immediate
specific to the behavior
time-limited
226
Time-out for approximately _____ of age is very effecive.
1 min./yr.
227
Gross Motor Milestones:
| ride a tricycle
3 y.o.
228
Gross Motor Milestones:
| hop
4 y.o.
229
Gross Motor Milestones:
| skip
5 y.o.
230
Fine Motor Milestones:
| draw a circle or a person with 2 body parts
3 y.o.
231
Fine Motor Milestones:
| draw a cross
3.5-4 y.o.
232
Fine Motor Milestones:
| draw a square
4-4.5 y.o.
233
Fine Motor Milestones:
| draw a triangle
5 y.o.
234
Language Milestones:
| 3-4 worded sentences, understands prepositions
3 y.o.
235
Language Milestones:
| complete sentences, understands concept of size
4 y.o.
236
Language Milestones:
| understands concept of time, follows 3-step commands
5 y.o.
237
Personal-Social Milestones:
| dress under supervision
3 y.o.
238
Personal-Social Milestones:
| dress independently/correctly
4 y.o.
239
Personal-Social Milestones:
| do simple errands, help in household chores
5 y.o.
240
Self-esteem is a central issue during _____.
middle childhood (6-11 y.o.)
241
Loss of deciduous (baby) teeth starts at _____.
6 y.o.
242
Replacement with adult teeth occurs at a rate of _____
4 teeth/yr.
243
Increasing independence is marked by the first _____.
sleepover
| overnight camp
244
By 5-6 y.o., children have developed a _____.
conscience
245
Gross Motor Milestones:
| climb, run
7 y.o.
246
Fine Motor Milestones:
| copy letters, reverse some letters, draw a person with 12 parts
6 y.o.
247
Fine Motor Milestones:
| know right and left sides
7 y.o.
248
Language Milestones:
| verbalize emotions, follow 3-step command
6 y.o.
249
Personal-Social Milestones:
| dress up completely, tie shoe laces
6 y.o.
250
Head circumference is determined by _____.
running a flexible tape measure from the supraorbital ridge to the occiput
251
BMI Formula
weight in kg/(height in m)^2
252
Mid-Parental Height Formula: Boys
[(maternal ht. + 13) + paternal ht.]/2
253
Mid-Parental Height Formula: Girls
[maternal ht. + (paternal ht. - 13)]/2
254
The diagnosis of failure to thrive is considered if a child's weight is _____.
< 5th percentile
drops more than 2 percentile lines
weight for height is < 5th percentile
255
_____ remains to be the single best growth chart indicator of acute undernutrition.
weight for height < 5th percentile
256
Linear growth deficiency (stunting) is more likely to be due to _____ rather than nutritional deficiency.
congenital
constitutional
familial
257
The ratio of the upper body segment divided by the lower body segment is _____.
1.7 - birth
1.3 - 3 y.o.
1 - 7 y.o.
258
Skeletal maturation is linked more closely to _____ than to chronological age.
sexual maturity rating
259
Puberty:
| Timing of Growth Spurt - Males
mid-puberty (SMR 3-4)
| 11.5 y.o.
260
Puberty:
| Timing of Growth Spurt - Females
```
early puberty (SMR 2-3)
10 y.o.
```
261
Puberty:
| Peak Height Velocity - Males
13.5 y.o.
262
Puberty:
| Peak Height Velocity - Females
11.5 y.o.
263
Puberty:
| Rate of Linear Growth - Males
9-10 cm/yr
264
Puberty:
| Rate of Linear Growth - Females
8-9 cm/yr
265
Puberty:
| Average Gain in Height - Males
28 cm
266
Puberty:
| Average Gain in Height - Females
25 cm
267
Puberty:
| Peak Weight Velocity - Males
occurs with peak height velocity
268
Puberty:
| Peak Weight Velocity - Females
6 mos. after peak height velocity
269
Puberty:
| Muscle Mass - Males
increases from 80 to 90% of body weight
270
Puberty:
| Muscle Mass - Females
decreases from 80 to 70% of body weight
271
Rules of Thumb for Growth:
| Weight
5-10% weight loss at 1st week
retrun or exceed BW at 7-10 days
double BW at 405 mos.
triple BW at 1 y.o.
272
Rules of Thumb for Growth:
| Daily Weight Gain
20-30 g/day - 3-4 mos.
| 15-20 g/day - 5-12 mos.
273
Rules of Thumb for Growth:
| Length/Height
20 in. - birth
30 in. - 1 y.o.
40 in. - 4 y.o.
274
Rules of Thumb for Growth:
| Head Circumference
35 cm - birth
2 cm/mo. x 3 mos.
1 cm/mo 4-12 mos.
275
Estimated Weight - 0-6 mos.
mos. x 600 + BW g
276
Estimated Weight - 6-12 mos.
300 + (mos.after 6 mos. x 500) + BW g
277
Estimated Weight - 1-6 y.o.
years x 2 + 8 kg
278
Estimated Weight - 7-12 y.o.
[(years x 7) - 5]/2
279
Estimated Length - 0-3 mos.
birth length + 9 cm
280
Estimated Length - 4-6 mos.
birth length + 9 cm + 8 cm
281
Estimated Length - 7-9 mos.
birth length + 9 cm + 8 cm + 5 cm
282
Estimated Length - 10-12 mos.
birth length + 9 cm + 8 cm + 5 cm + 3 cm
283
Estimated Height - 2-12 y.o.
(years x 6) + 77 cm
284
Developmental Milestones:
| moves head side to side, regards face, alerts to bell
2 weeks
285
Developmental Milestones:
| lifts shoulder while prone, tracks past midline, smiles responsively, cooing,searches for sound with eyes
2 mos.
286
Developmental Milestones:
lifts up on hands, rolls front to back, no head lag if pulled to sit, reaches for object, raking grasp, looks at hand, begins to work toward toy, laughs, squeals
4 mos.
287
Developmental Milestones:
| sits alone, transfers object hand to hand, feeds self, holds bottle, babbles
6 mos.
288
Developmental Milestones:
pulls to stand, gets into sitting position, pincer grip, bangs 2 blocks, waves bye-bye, plays pat-a-cake, says "mama"/"dada" as non-specific 2-syllable sounds
9 mos.
289
Developmental Milestones:
walks, stoops and stands, puts block in cup, drinks from cup, imitates others, says "mama"/"dada" as specific words, says 1-2 words
12 mos.
290
Developmental Milestones:
| walks backward, scribbles, stacks 2 blocks, uses spoon and fork,helps in housework, says 3-6 words, follows commands
15 mos.
291
Developmental Milestones:
| runs, stacks 4 blocks, kicks a ball, removes clothes, feeds doll, says 6 words
18 mos.
292
Developmental Milestones:
walks up and down the stairs, throws overhand, stacks 6 blocks, copies line, washes and dries hands, brushes teeth, puts on clothes, puts 2 words together, points to pictures, knows body parts, understands concept of today
2 y.o.
293
Developmental Milestones:
walks with alternating steps, broad jump, stacks 8 blocks, wiggles thumb, ues spoon well, pits on t-shirt, names pictures, speech understandable to stranger (75%), 3-word sentences, understands concept of tomorrow and yesterday
3 y.o.
294
Developmental Milestones:
balances well, on each foot,hops on one foot, copies circle, draws person with 3 parts, brushes teeth without help, dresses without help, names colors, understands adjectives
4 y.o.
295
Developmental Milestones:
| skips, heel-to-toe walks, copies square, counts, understands opposites
5 y.o.
296
Developmental Milestones:
balances on each foot for 6 sec., copies triangle, draws person with 6 parts, defines words, begins to understand right and left
6 y.o.
