Growth & Development Flashcards
1
Q
Caloric requirements by age
A
Birth to 6 m: 120 kcal/kg/day 7m-1y: 100 2y-10y: 70 Adolescents: 45 Adults: 30-32
2
Q
Adequate nutrition confirmed by weight gain
A
1st 3 months: 30g (1oz)/day
3-6 months: 15-20g/day
3
Q
Vitamin D supplement 2 months to adolescence
A
400 IU/ day
4
Q
Iron supplement
A
For exclusively breast-fed infants: 1mg/kg/day > 6mo (ideally from fortified cereals)
5
Q
Weight gain progression
A
Initial 10% loss regained within 7-14 days doubles by 5 months of age triples by 1 year of age quadruples by 2 years school-age children gain 6 lb/ year
6
Q
height progression 3 yo through school age
A
gain 2.5 inches/ yr
7
Q
Tooth eruption
A
Come Little Children Munch Meat Central incisors Lateral incisors Cuspid First molar Second molar
8
Q
Tooth eruption
A
Primary - age 6 months - central incisors
Permanent - 6 years - central incisors
9
Q
Cognitive domain primary theorist
A
Piaget
10
Q
Brain
A
doubles in size by 6 months, is 80% of adult size by age 2
11
Q
Gross motor: good head control
A
2-3 mo
12
Q
Gross motor: rolls back to front
A
5-6 mo
13
Q
Gross motor: sits alone with no support
A
7 mo
14
Q
Gross motor: pulls to stand
A
9 - 10 mo
15
Q
Gross motor: stands alone
A
11-12 mo
16
Q
Gross motor: walks
A
12-14 mo
17
Q
Gross motor: walks up & down stairs
A
22-24 mo
18
Q
Gross motor: jumps
A
24-28 mo
19
Q
Fine motor: grasps & shakes rattle
A
2-3 mo
20
Q
Fine motor: reaches for object
A
3-4 mo
21
Q
Fine motor: hand-to-hand transfer
A
5-6 mo
22
Q
Fine motor: raking grasp
A
6-7 mo
23
Q
Fine motor: finger grasp
A
7-9 mo
24
Q
Fine motor: pincer grasp
A
8-10 mo
25
Fine motor: marks on paper
10-12 mo
26
Fine motor: stacks 3 blocks
17-18 mo
27
Fine motor: stacks 6 to 7 blocks
22 - 24 mo
28
Language: smiles & coos
2-3 mo
29
Language: laughs
4-5 mo
30
Language: babbles
5-6 mo
31
Language: "Mama-dada"
8 - 9 mo
32
Language: waves bye-bye
8-9 mo
33
Language: understands "no"
9-10 mo
34
Language: points to body parts
15-18 mo
35
Language: 2-word sentences
18-22 mo
36
Language: 30-to-50-word vocabulary
22-24 mo
37
Smiles & coos
2-5 mo
38
Watches a person's face intently
2-5 mo
39
Follows people & objects with eyes
2-5 mo
40
Laughs aloud
2-5 mo
41
Lifts head/ chest when on stomach
2-5 mo
42
Holds head steady when pulled to sit
2-5 mo
43
Grasps rattle placed in hand
2-5 mo
44
Startles to loud noise
2-5 mo
45
Babbles & combines vowel/ consonant sounds
6 - 9 mo
46
Turns to sound
6 - 9 mo
47
Responds to name
6 - 9 mo
48
Rolls over
6 - 9 mo
49
Sits independently
6 - 9 mo
50
Transfers objects
6 - 9 mo
51
Supports weight on feet
6 - 9 mo
52
Uses thumb & fingers to pick up objects
6 - 9 mo
53
Crawls
6 - 9 mo
54
Takes simple action upon request
10-12 mo
55
Purposefully says "Mama" or "Dada"
10-12 mo
56
Sits independently and plays
10-12 mo
57
Pulls to standing / cruise furniture
10-12 mo
58
Communicates by reaching and pointing
10-12 mo
59
Moves purposefully to get desired object
10-12 mo
60
Has increasing curiosity
10-12 mo
61
Recognizes people
10-12 mo
62
Uses both hands equally well
10-12 mo
63
Scribbles with large crayon
13 - 18 mo
64
Walks alone
13 - 18 mo
65
Feeds self with fingers and begins using a spoon
13 - 18 mo
66
4 to 10-word vocabulary
13 - 18 mo
67
Follows simple directions
13 - 18 mo
68
Coordinates use of both hands
13 - 18 mo
69
Responds to name
13 - 18 mo
70
Points to 2 pictures upon request
13 - 18 mo
71
Long jabbering sentences
13 - 18 mo
72
Throw ball overhead
13 - 18 mo
73
Walks up/ down stairs
19 - 24 mo
74
Jumps with both feet
19 - 24 mo
75
Completes simple puzzles, circle shapes first
19 - 24 mo
76
Stacks 6 to 7 blocks
19 - 24 mo
77
Uses 2-word sentences
19 - 24 mo
78
30-to-50-word vocabulary
19 - 24 mo
79
Denver II
```
Generalized assessment tool
Used from birth to 6 years of age
Measures:
i. Gross motor development
ii. Fine motor development
III. Language
iv. Personal-social development
Not an intelligence test
```
80
BMI calculation
For children > 2yo
| BMI = weight in kg/ (height in meters)2
81
Corrected gestational age (CGA)
adjustment of developmental expectations for premature infants through the age of 2 years
82
Three components or personalities (Freud)
Id: principle of pleasure
Ego: Principle of reality/ self- interest
Superego: principle of morality or conscience
83
Infancy: stage of psychosexual development (Freud)
Infancy: oral stage
Birth to 6 months: orally passive (development of the id; biological pleasure principle)
7 to 18 months: orally aggressive (teething, oral satisfaction of needs by mother decreases tension
84
Toddler (1.5-3y): stage of psychosexual development (Freud)
Anal stage (toilet training)
85
Preschool (3-6y): stage of psychosexual development (Freud)
Phallic stage (love of opposite sex, Oedipal complex); ego development
86
School age (6 - 12y): stage of psychosexual development (Freud)
Latency stage (sexual drive repressed, socialization occurs, super ego and morality development)
87
Adolescence (12-18y): stage of psychosexual development (Freud)
Genital stage
88
Infancy (0-1y): Erikson - psychosocial dev-t
Trust vs mistrust
89
Toddler (1-3y): Erikson - psychosocial dev-t
Autonomy vs shame & doubt
90
Preschool (3-6y): Erikson - psychosocial dev-t
Initiative vs guilt
91
School age (6-12y): Erikson - psychosocial dev-t
Industry vs inferiority
92
Adolescence (12-18y): Erikson - psychosocial dev-t
Identity vs role confusion
93
Birth to 2 y: Piaget - cognitive domain
Sensorimotor stage:
- Reflexes: inborn
- Adapts inborn reflexes to the environment
- Object permanence
- Sensory abilities improve; becomes increasingly aware of environment
- Trial & error learning
- Simple problem solving
94
2-4 y: Piaget - cognitive domain
Preoperational/ Preconceptual stage
- can focus on a single aspect of a situation
- No cause-and-effect reasoning
- Egocentrism
- Development of intuitive thought
- Difficulty distinguishing fact from fantasy (magical thinking)
95
4-7 y: Piaget - cognitive domain
Intuitive/ Preoperational thinking
| - Beginning of causation
96
7 - 11 y: Piaget - cognitive domain
Concrete thinking:
- Capable of logical thought
- Logical operations
97
11 - 15 y: Piaget - cognitive domain
Formal operational thought:
- Ability to abstract
- Capable of complex problem solving
- Reality-based
- Logical conclusions
98
One of the major psychosocial tasks of infancy is:
a. Development of secure attachment
b. Separation-individuation
c. Symbiosis
d. Regulation
a. Development of secure attachment
99
When examining 10 yo Bob's teeth, you note that the upper incisors slightly overlap the lower incisors. The second and lower first molars are absent. Your assessment is:
a. Malocclusion
b. Delayed mandibular dentition
c. Normal dentition
d. Hyperdontia
b. Delayed mandibular dentition
100
Wich of the following best describes behavior associated with Piaget's concrete operations?
a. Learning primary by trail and error
b. Interpreting events in relationship to self
c. Categorizing information
d. Drawing logical conclusions
c. Categorizing information
101
A 5.5 yo Asian child has fallen off her growth curve. The best intervention would be to:
a. Suggest infant breakfast drinks
b. Incorporate traditional foods in diet
c. Educate family on need to increase calories & nutrients
d. Refer to endocrine clinic for evaluation
b. Incorporate traditional foods in diet
102
What is considered minimal weight gain in a normal newborn after discharge from the hospital:
a. 10 g/d
b. 20 g/ d
c. 30 g/ d
d. 40 g/d
c. 30 g/ d
103
The most likely weight of a 1 yo child whose weight at birth was 6.5 lb would be what?
a. 19 - 20 lbs
b. 13 - 14
c. 25 - 26
d. Impossible to estimate
a. 19 - 20 lbs
104
You would expect a school age child to:
a. Grow 1.5 inches per year
b. Grow 0.5 inch/ y
c. Gain about 6 lbs per year
d. gain about 3 lbs per year
c. Gain about 6 lbs per year
105
Gross motor skills: 2 yo
Up & down steps
Kicks ball without falling
Runs with wide gait
106
Gross motor: 3 yo
Hops at 3.5
| Rides a tricycle
107
Gross motor: 4 yo
Up & down stairs with alternating feet
| Rides bicycle with training wheels
108
Gross motor: 5 yo
Skips
Jumps rope
Plays ball
109
Fine motor: 2 yo
Tower of 8 cubes
| Turns a doorknob
110
Fine motor: 3 yo
Copies a circle
| Builds a tower
111
Fine motor: 4 yo
Draws person with 4 to 6 parts
| Tower of 10 blocks
112
Fine motor: 5 yo
Copies a square
Copies multiple shapes
Prints letters
Ties shoes
113
Cognitive dev-t (Piaget): age 2 to 4 yo
Preconceptual
114
Cognitive dev-t (Piaget): ages 4 to 7 yo
Intuitive
115
Developmental warning signs: 1 yo
- Is not imitating sounds
- Is not pulling to standing
- Is not indicating desires by point/ gestures
116
Developmental warning signs: 18 months
- Doesn't make eye contact
| - Doesn't feed self with spoon
117
Developmental warning signs: 2 years
- Is not walking up stairs
- Is not using 2-to-3 word phrases
- Is not noticing cars, animals
- Is not initiating self-stimulation behaviors
118
Developmental warning signs: 3 years
- Is not aware of external environment
- Cannot ride a tricycle
- Doesn't follow simple direction
- Continues baby talk
- Doesn't imitate adult activities
119
Developmental warning signs: 4 years
- Doesn't listen to a story
- Doesn't speak in sentences
- Engages in head banging or rocking
- Is not toilet trained
- Doesn't draw a human figure
120
Developmental warning signs: 5 years
- Magical thinking is still a dominant presence
| - No impulse control
