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Bio 211 Quiz 3 > Growth Conditions > Flashcards

Growth Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What aspect of metabolism do you think limits where bacteria can grow?

A

Enzymes

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2
Q

Factors influencing growth

A

Temp, ph

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3
Q

If temp is cold how do enzymatic reactions function

A

Slows down

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4
Q

If temp is hot what happens to enzyme structures

A

Enzyme structure breaks and loses function. This is called denaturing

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5
Q

What is denaturation

A

Unfolding/breaking of a protein

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6
Q

Can denaturing happen to enzymes

A

Yes

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7
Q

How does denaturing happen in enzymes

A

Distorts active site making it incompatible to substrate

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8
Q

Function of an enzyme

A

Assemble/ breaks things down

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9
Q

What is the target of an enzyme called

A

Active site

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10
Q

What is the final output of an enzyme called

A

Products

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11
Q

Organism that is most medically important in terms of growing in temp

A

Mesophile grows at like 39°

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12
Q

How many degrees is psychrophile

A

4°

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13
Q

How many degrees is Thermophile max

A

60°

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14
Q

Hyperthermophile max

A

88°

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15
Q

Can ph influence protein functions

A

Yes

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16
Q

Change in ph can do what to an active site

A

Change the shape

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17
Q

Pepsin (a stomach enzyme) functions best at low or high ph

A

Low

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18
Q

How do these factors influence the ability for a microbe to grow?

A

Can be denatured if ph or heat is too high

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19
Q

What was osmotic pressure used for in terms of food

A

Preservation

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20
Q

How can people control microbial growth

A

Oxygen, osmotic pressure, light, barometric pressure

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21
Q

How do bacteria grow

A

Binary fission

22
Q

Binary fission process

A

Cell grows,replicate genome,enlarges, forms a separator, divides

23
Q

Growth rate =

A

Generation time

24
Q

Calculation growth time needing…

A

Starting pop., #of gens, equation: Nn = N0 2^n

25
If you start w/ 1 cell that divides every 30 mins, how many cells would be there after 24 hrs?
1 x 2^48
26
Phases of a closed culture
Lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death/decline phase
27
Lag phase
No increase (delay)
28
Log phase
Exponential increase in living cells
29
Stationary phase
Rate of living and death are the same
30
Death/decline phase
Exponential decrease in # of living bacterial cells
31
Log phase growth line (arithmetic scale)
Curved
32
Log phase growth ( semi log scale)
Straight
33
What’s a major aspect of bacterial reproduction?
Duplication of the genetic material (dna)
34
What are nucleic acid?
Macromolecule (others are carbohydrates, lipids and proteins), DNA, RNA
35
DNA
- Double stranded - deoxyribonucleic acid ( sugar) - base pair - deoxyribose sugar - uses “T” as a base pair
36
RNA
- single stranded - ribonucleic acid - ribose sugar - uses “u” as base pair
37
What do both DNA and RNA use?
C, g, a
38
What is one difference between prokaryote and eukaryote regarding dna?
Prokaryotes store dna in a circular chromosome Eukaryotes store dna in a linear chromosome within nucleus
39
Where does transcription (making of rna) happen in prokaryotes
Cytoplasm
40
Where does transcription (making of rna) happen in eukaryotes
Nucleus
41
One similarity prokaryotes and eukaryotes have regarding dna
Translation happens in cytoplasm
42
Transcription
Making of RNA
43
Translation process
1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination
44
What is the central dogma?
DNA makes RNA, rna forms proteins
45
Are there any organisms that violate the central dogma?
Retroviruses such as HIV
46
True or false: the genes and their function of an organism dictates its physical characteristics and is the sole driving force behind its traits and capabilities
False, environment dictates as well
47
Genotype
Genes and function of an organism
48
Phenotype
Physical characteristics
49
What’s the difference between an organisms genotype and phenotype?
Genotype →capabilities Phenotype →characteristics
50
How can the environment or other factors influence an organisms phenotype without altering its genotype?
Temp, light, oxygen levels

Bio 211 Quiz 3 (4 decks)

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