Genetics, Gene Expression, Replication

Question 1

Lac operon

Answer 1

An example of the environment controlling gene expression

Question 2

Are mutations heritable?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Is genetic important?

Answer 3

Yes, if pathogen wipes out 1, there’s plenty left

Question 4

How do we achieve genetic diversity in eukaryotes?

Answer 4

Sexual reproduction

Question 5

How do bacteria get genetic diversity?

Answer 5

Binary fission

Question 6

How do bacteria become diverse in genetic diversity?

Answer 6

Mutations (aka sloppy polymerases)

Question 7

How is genetic diversity achieved in prokaryotes?

Answer 7

Mutations

Question 8

What are the possible outcomes of a single mutation?

Answer 8

3.2 billion a,c,t,g only 4 errors

Question 9

What is the relationship between mutations and anti microbial resistance?

Answer 9

Mutations can cause new abilities such as antibiotic resistance

Question 10

Antibiotic resistance is like natural selection how?

Answer 10

Some bacteria are mutated so resistant to antibiotic, antibiotic is used and kills their competition, so now it’s just filled with antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 11

Are mutations random?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 12

Genes passed via: transformation, conjugation, transduction

Question 13

Transformation (HGT)

Answer 13

Live cells pick up DNA from environment (dead cells)

Question 14

Transduction (HGT)

Answer 14

Live cells receive DNA fm a phage (non-living donor)

Question 15

Conjugation (HGT)?

Answer 15

Live cells receive DNA form a living donor cell via specialized structure

Question 16

Why does bacteria use HGT?

Answer 16

Genetic diversity

Question 17

Vertical gene transfer

Answer 17

Gene passed via replication to progeny (parents to offspring)

Question 18

How can HGT contribute to antimicrobial resistance

Answer 18

May possibly be transferred with HGT