Growth and Reproduction Flashcards
What is cell division?
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division. Mitosis is generally followed by equal division of the cell’s content into two daughter cells that have identical genomes.
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction, the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
What are some examples of asexual reproduction?
Sea stars: These organisms reproduce by fission.
Hydra: They reproduce by budding.
Yeast: These organisms reproduce by budding.
Paramecium: They produce offspring by binary fission.
Stick insects: They use the mode of parthenogenesis sometimes to reproduce
What are some examples of sexual reproduction?
Organisms like humans, flowering plants, mammals, various fishes, and insects reproduce sexually.
What is a gamete?
A gamete is a reproductive cell of an animal or plant. In animals, female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm.
Where can you find a gamete?
Gametes, both sperm and oocytes, are produced within the gonads.
What is a zygote?
Zygote, fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm).
What is internal fertilization?
Internal fertilization is the union of an egg and sperm cell during sexual reproduction inside the female body.
What is external fertilization?
External fertilization is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism’s sperm fertilizes a female organism’s egg outside of the female’s body.
Where does fertilization occur?
The fallopian tube (this is the site of fertilization)
What is the process of fertilization?
During fertilization, the sperm and egg unite in one of the fallopian tubes to form a zygote.
Outline the steps from ovulation to implantation
At ovulation, the mucus in the cervix becomes more fluid and more elastic, allowing sperm to enter the uterus rapidly. Sperm moves from the vagina to the fallopian tube.
If a sperm penetrates the egg, fertilization occurs. the fertilized egg (zygote) is then sweeped through the tube and into the uterine cavity. The zygote enters the uterus.
In the uterus, the zygote cells divide, becoming a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants in the wall of the uterus a process called implantation.
What is the important role of the placenta
The placenta helps to keep the baby alive and healthy during pregnancy. The placenta can also filter out harmful waste and carbon dioxide from the baby’s blood.
