Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Flashcards
What are some physical properties of metal?
Metals are malleable and ductile.
Metals are lustrous (shiny) and can be polished.
Metals are solids at room temperature (except mercury, which is liquid).
Metals are tough and strong.
What are some chemical properties of metal?
The density of metals is usually high.
Metals form an alloy with other metals or nonmetals.
Some metals react with air and corrode.
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
What are chemical properties of nonmetals?
Nonmetals except gas carbon and graphite are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals react more with metals compared to nonmetals. Nonmetals usually react with other nonmetals at high temperatures.
What are physical properties of nonmetals?
Non-metals are brittle
Non-metals are non-lustrous (dull) and cannot be polished (except iodine).
Non-metals may be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.
Non-metals are neither tough nor strong.
Describe the molecular structure of nitrogen
(N2) – two nitrogen atoms tightly bound together
Describe the molecular structure of phosphorus
Each phosphorus atom in P4 is linked to three other phosphorus atoms in a tetrahedral structure.
Describe the molecular structure of sulphur
Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with the chemical formula S8.
Describe the molecular structure of carbon
The structure is that of a tetrahedron, a three-sided pyramid of four faces (including the base). Every carbon atom is covalently bonded at the four corners of the tetrahedron to four other carbon atoms.
The molecular formula for carbon dioxide
CO2
The molecular formula for water
H2O
The molecular formula for nitrogen
N2
The molecular formula for ozone
O3
What is the difference between molecular compounds and compound lattices?
A molecule is a discrete group of two or more atoms, whereas a crystal lattice is a large collection of atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in a highly ordered, repeating pattern.
What are the type and arrangement of particles in elements
The way the particles are arranged a to each other determines the type of matter, however it is only made up of one type of atom/particle.
What are the type and arrangement of particles in compounds
Compounds have more than one type of particle joined together.
What are the type and arrangement of particles in mixtures
Mixtures have more than one type of particle but they are not joined and can be separated physically.
A substance made of only one type of atom
an element
What is an element?
A substance made of only one type of atom
Examples of common elements and their uses
Metals:
Aluminum - A light metal used in making airplanes, buildings, pots and pans, etc.
Copper - A metal used for electric wires, pots, pans, and pennies
Gold - A metal used for jewelry and precious decorative pieces
Nickel - A metal used in coins.
Gases:
Helium - A gas much lighter in air used in blimps and balloons
Carbon - Found in coal, oil, gas, living things, and inks
Nitrogen - The main gas in the air, also used as fertilizer
Liquid:
Chlorine - Used in bleach, in chemical to kill germs in swimming pools, and found with the element sodium in table salt
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a cluster of two or more atoms bonded together. In molecular elements molecule are composed of all the same type of atom.
What do metals exist as?
All metals exists as crystal lattices.
What are the three ways atoms can be arranged in elements?
Single atoms, molecules or lattices.
What are compounds?
Compounds are substances made up of more than one type of atom.
What is molecular formula?
A chemical formula that gives the total number of atoms of each element present in a molecule. Eg H20
Mixtures
when two or more materials of substances are mixed together but do not chemically combine. This means that they retain their original properties. So, this means it can be separated by physical means.
when two or more materials of substances are mixed together but do not chemically combine. This means that they retain their original properties. So, this means it can be separated by physical means.
Mixtures
Solutions
When particles of another solid or liquid dissolve into each other. You know it is a solution if it is clear.
When particles of another solid or liquid dissolve into each other. You know it is a ###### if it is clear.
Solutions
Solutle
The thing being dissolved
Solutle
The thing being dissolved
The thing being dissolved
Solutle
The thing being dissolved
Solutle
Solvent
The thing that the solid of liquid is dissolving into.
Solvent
The thing that the solid of liquid is dissolving into.
The thing that the solid of liquid is dissolving into.
Solvent
The thing that the solid of liquid is dissolving into.
Solvent
Soluble
Can dissolve.
Soluble
Can dissolve.
Can dissolve.
Soluble
Can dissolve.
Soluble
Insoluble
Cannot dissolve.
Cannot dissolve.
Insoluble
Aqueous Solution
Water is its solvent.
Water is its solvent.
Aqueous Solution
Concentrated Solution
Has a lot of solute dissolved in it.
Has a lot of solute dissolved in it.
Concentrated Solution
Diluted Solution
Has very little solute in it.
Has very little solute in it.
Diluted Solution
Saturated Solution
When the solute can no longer dissolve.
When the solute can no longer dissolve.
Saturated Solution
Suspension
When substances do not dissolve but disperse.
When substances do not dissolve but disperse.
Suspension
