Growth and Expansion Flashcards
Cotton gin
a machine that removes the seeds from cotton fiber
Interchangeable Parts
a part of a machine or device that can be replaced by another part just like it
Patent
legal rights to an invention and its profits
Capitalism
economic system in which people and companies control production
Free Enterprise
a type of economy in which people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want
Census
the official count of the population
Turnpike
a road on which tolls are collected
Canal
waterway made by people
Lock
a separate compartment in which water levels rise and fall in order to raise or lower boats
Sectionalism
rivalry based on the special interests of different areas
Monopoly
a market where there is only one seller
Interstate commerce
economic activity taking place between two or more states
Eli Whitney
invented the cotton gin
Developed interchangeable parts
capitalists
dumping
Robert Fulton
Built the steamboat
Francis Cabot Lowell
Improved on Slater’s mill and wove cotton thread into cloth
began the factory system
Factory system
all manufacturing steps are combined into one place
Samuel Slater
Built a cotton thread mill
transportation to the west was improving during the 1800s
Identify where the Erie Canal expanded trade in the U.S.
leaders of sectionalism
Jose San Martin
How did US obtain Florida
Textile Cloth Industry
Growth of cities
Growth of factories led to growth of cities. Cities grew up near rivers because factories used water to power their machines. People could ship their products on the rivers.
Cities had no sewers so disease spread and fires spread because buildings were wood.
Second Bank of the United States
The charter for the First Bank of the United States expired in 1811, and Congress let the bank die. In 1816 the Republican majority in Congress brought the national bank back to life. President Madison signed the bill creating the Second Bank of the United States.
After the First Bank closed, many state banks had acted unwisely. They made too many loans and allowed too much money into circulation. These actions led to inflation, a rise in the prices of goods. As prices rose, American families could buy less and less with each dollar. The absence of a national bank also meant the federal government had no safe place to keep its funds. The Second Bank of the United States restored order to the money supply, helping American businesses to grow.
Adams-Onis Treaty
with the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded, or gave up control of, all claims and ownership to both East and West Florida. They also gave up claims to Oregon Country in the Pacific Northwest, while the United States agreed to Spanish control of Texas.
Monroe Doctrine
The president issued a statement on December 2, 1823: The United States would not get involved in the internal affairs or wars in Europe. It also would not interfere with any existing European colonies in the Americas. At the same time, the statement said, North and South America “are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” The Monroe Doctrine, as the statement came to be known, served as a clear warning to European nations to keep out of the Americas. It became a guiding force in American foreign policy in the decades ahead.
Miguel Hidalgo
n 1810 a priest named Miguel Hidalgo (ee * DAHL * goh) led a rebellion in Mexico. Hidalgo called for racial equality and the redistribution of land. The Spanish captured and executed Hidalgo, but by 1821 Mexico had gained its independence from Spain.
Simon Bolivar
Simón Bolívar, also known as “the Liberator,” led the independence movement that won freedom for the present-day countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador. José de San Martín successfully achieved independence for Chile and Peru. By 1824 Spain had lost control of most of South America.
Spinning Jenny
