Chapter 7- A More Perfect Union

Question 1

Bicameral

Answer 1

Two house government, states divided power between governor and legislature

Question 2

Republic

Answer 2

A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives

Question 3

Articles of Confederation

Answer 3

Weak Central Government, gave limited powers to congress, had no executive or judicial systems

Question 4

United States of America officially on

Answer 4

March 1, 1781

Question 5

Ordinance of 1785

Answer 5

set up a process to survey and sell the lands north of the Ohio River

Question 6

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 6

Passed in 1787, created a single Northwest Territory, with 60,000 residents they could become a state

Question 7

Northwest Ordinance Bill of Rights

Answer 7

marked the first attempt to stop the spread of slavery in the United States.

Question 8

Mississippi Territory

Answer 8

1798 Land west of Georgia

Question 9

Land Act of 1800

Answer 9

Made it easier for people to buy land in the territory

Question 10

Continentals

Answer 10

Paper bills that Continental Congress printed during the war, it did not hold its value and depreciated

Question 11

Debt

Answer 11

During the Revolutionary War, Congress had borrowed money from American citizens and foreign governments. It still owed Revolutionary soldiers pay for their military service. Without the power to tax, the Confederation could not easily raise money to pay its debts.

Question 12

Robert Morris

Answer 12

Led the first Department of Finance in 1781, proposed a tax on imported goods, but it was voted down

Question 13

Depression

Answer 13

A period when economic activity decreases and unemployment increases, US had a depression after the revolutionary war

Question 14

Shays Rebellion

Answer 14

Farmers were hit hard by the depression. In 1786 angry farmers led by former Continental Army captain Daniel Shays forced courts in the western part of the state to close. The goal was to stop judges from legally taking away farmers’ lands.
The farmers’ revolt grew. In January 1787, Shays led a force of about 1,200 supporters toward the federal arsenal, or weapons storehouse, in Springfield, Massachusetts. The farmers wanted to seize guns and ammunition. The state militia ordered the advancing farmers to halt and then fired over their heads. The farmers did not stop. The militia fired again, killing four farmers.

Question 15

Slavery in the New Republic

Answer 15

Between 1776 and 1786, 11 states—all except South Carolina and Georgia—outlawed or taxed the importation of enslaved people.
Slavery existed and was legal in every state. In the North, however, it was not a major source of labor. People in that region began working to end slavery in America. In 1774 Quakers in Pennsylvania founded the first American antislavery society.
Six years later Pennsylvania passed a law that provided for the gradual freeing of enslaved people. Between 1783 and 1804, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New Jersey passed laws that gradually ended slavery there.

Question 16

manumission

Answer 16

The freeing of individual enslaved people

Question 17

Constitutional Convention

Answer 17

Philadelphia, called by Alexander Hamilton
BEgan May 1787
55 Delegates

Question 18

James Madison

Answer 18

supporter of a strong national government, kept a record of the Convention’s work, called the Father of the Constitution

Question 19

Virginia Plan

Answer 19

Edmund Randolph
Strong national government
Bicameral legislature
Number of representatives would be proportional to the population of the state
Delegates from the small states protested

Question 20

New Jersey Plan

Answer 20

William Patterson
Each state has one vote
Less powerful government than Virginia Plan
Unicameral legislature

Question 21

Great Compromise

Answer 21

Roger Sherman
two-house legislature. In the upper house—>the Senate— each state would have two members. That is, the states would be equal in representation. In the lower house—>the House of Representatives—the number of seats for each state would vary based on the state’s population. Larger states would have more representation.

Question 22

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 22

every five enslaved persons would count as three persons in the state’s population total. This population total would be the basis for setting taxes and representation in Congress.

Question 23

Approving the Constitution

Answer 23

September 17, 1787
Not signed by Elbridge Gerry, George Mason, Edmund Randolph

Question 24

Constitution Influences

Answer 24

Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Enlightenment, John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu

Question 25

Federalism

Answer 25

Powers divided between the federal government and the states

Question 26

Legislative Branch

Answer 26

Article I-> of the Constitution declares Congress to be the legislative branch , or lawmaking branch, of the government. Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The powers of Congress include establishing taxes, coining money, and regulating trade.

Question 27

Executive Branch

Answer 27

Article II-> of the Constitution sets up the executive branch, to carry out the nation’s laws and policies. At the head of this branch are the president and vice president. A special group called the Electoral College elects the president and vice president. Voters in each state choose the electors who make up the Electoral College.

Question 28

Judicial Branch

Answer 28

Article III-> deals with the judicial branch or court system. The nation’s judicial power resides in “one supreme Court” and any lower federal courts Congress creates. *The Supreme Court and other federal courts hear cases involving the Constitution, federal laws, and disputes between states.

Question 29

Checks and balances

Answer 29

each branch of government has ways to check, or limit, the power of the other branches. With this system, no single branch can gain too much power in the government.

Question 30

Federalists

Answer 30

People who supported the new Constitution
George Washington Ben Franklin
James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay wrote the Federalist papers

Question 31

AntiFederalists

Answer 31

People who opposed the Constitution
Angry it did not contain a bill of rights

Question 32

Ratifying the Constitution

Answer 32

On December 7, 1787, Delaware became the first state to approve the Constitution. By June 21, 1788, the ninth state—New Hampshire—ratified it. In theory, this made the Constitution law. However, without the support of the largest states—New York and Virginia—the new government could not succeed.
In Virginia, Patrick Henry claimed the Constitution did not place enough limits on government power. Still, Virginia did ratify the document after promises that there would be a bill of rights amendment (uh * MEHND * muhnt)—something added to a document. This promise was met in 1791. In July 1788, New York ratified the Constitution, followed by North Carolina in November 1789 and Rhode Island in May 1790.