Growth and Development COPY Flashcards
What are the recognised phases of childhood?
Neonate (<4w) Infant (<12m/1y) Toddler (~1-2y) Pre-school (~2-5y) School age Teenager/ Adolescent
What are the key developmental fields?
Gross motor skills Fine motor skills Social and self help Speech and language Hearing and Vision
What are milestones?
The achievement of key development skills
What are the developmental influencing factors?
Genetics
Environment
Positive early childhood experience
What are the adverse antenatal environmental factors?
Infections
Toxins
What is the adverse postnatal environment?
Infection Toxins Trauma Malnutrition Metabolic Maltreatment Understimulation Domestic violence Maternal mental health issues
What are the red flags in development?
Loss of developmental skills Hearing loss parental/professional concern Low muscle tone No speech by 18 months Asymmetry of movements/increased muscle tone Persistent toe walking Occipital fontanelle circumference >99.6th centile
What is the red book?
A record of childs health record and personal development
What is included in the child health programme?
New born exam and blood spot screening New born hearing screening Health visitor first visit 6-8w review 27-30 month review Orthoptsist vision screening aged 4-5
What is involved in the 6-8 week review?
Identification data Feeding Parental concerns Development Measurements Examination Sleeping position
What is involved at 27-30 month review?
Identification data
Development
height and weight
any other issues can be addressed at the time
What is performed at week 1 of childs life?
Feeding, hearing, examination, Vitamin K immunisations, blood spot test
What is performed at 2 weeks ?
Feeding assessment
maternal mental health assessment
Jaundice
SIDS
What is performed at 6-8 weeks?
Exam, immunisations, measure, maternal mental health
What is assessed at 1 year?
Growth, health promotion
What is assessed at 2 years old?
Development and language
Any concerns are dealt with at time
What is assessed at 5 years old?
Immunisations, dental check up, hearing and vision checkups
When might immunisations be postponed?
If child is unwell
What symptoms are common after immunisation?
Mild temperature, discomfort and swelling
What can be checked to see if immunisations are up to date?
The red book
What are the 3 key parameters in growth monitoring?
Weight
Length
Head circumference
What is the average weight length and OFC for an infant at birth?
3.3kg
50 cm
35 cm
What is the average weight and length for a four month old?
6.6 kg
60cm
What is the average weight length and OFC for a 12 month old?
10kg
75cm
45cm
What is the average weight and length for a 3 year old?
15kg
95cm
What is failure to thrive?
Child growing too slowly in form and usually in function at the expected rate for his or her age
supply of energy and nutrients does not meet the demand the child needs
What are the maternal causes of FTT?
Poor lactation
Incorrectly prepared feeds
Unusual milk or other feeds
Inadequate care
What are the infant causes of FTT?
Prematurity Small for dates Oropalatal abnormalities Neuromuscular disease Genetic disorders
What are the non-medical causes of FTT?
Poverty/ socio-economic status
Dysfunctional family interactions (especially maternal depression or drug use)
Difficult parent-child interactions
Lack of parental support (eg, no friends, no extended family)
Lack of preparation for parenting/ education
Child neglect
Emotional deprivation
Poor feeding or feeding skills disorder
