Growth and development _دعقيل Flashcards
The impairment of growth and development can cause by
Hereditary factor
Environmental factor.
what’re the hereditory factors ?
By Genes as in schizophrenia by single gene
what’re the enviromental factors ?
Through Intrauterine ,After delivery or during delivery.
Ex: -Drugs affect the baby .
-infection –as German measles
- x-ray –irradiation .
Psychological development say that
The first three years of life, it is important for psychological growth.
To get normal psychological growth we need
Biological needs !water, food O2
Sexual need
Social needs
Maturity
Mean psychological or mental health
So maturity mean well adjustment and psychological health .
Psychiatric disorder occur due
due to lack of maturity.
Cognitive development
(intellectual development ) by piaget
Paige’s stage
1-Senseri motor
2-Pre operational
3-Concrete operational
4-Formal operation
what’s the Senseri motor ?
age :Birth -2yrs
charector :infant differentiate himself from Objects(object permanence
what’s the Pre operational ?
2-7 years
use language and represent objects by images and words(conservative concept )
مفهوم محافظ
Concrete operational
7-12 years
logical thoughts
Formal operation
12 years and up
can think In obstruct terms
يمكن أن يفكر في عرقلة المصطلحات
Stages of normal psychological development
- (Oral stage ) First year
- Anal stage 2nd
- ( preschool phallic stage )2-5year
- (latency stage 5-10yr )
- Adolescent stage
Male 13-17 years.
Female 11-13 yrs
First year (Oral stage ) charectors ?
1-Complete dependent
2-Satisfaction by feeding and suck
3-Rapid motor and intellectual functioning
- 3 months : smile to all faces
- 6 months : selective smiling
- 9 months :fear of strangers
- 12 months : walking , enjoy ,make a sentence
- learning about object outside himself
smile to all faces
3 months
selective smiling
6 months
fear of strangers
9 months
12 months
walking , enjoy ,make a sentence
-learning about object outside himself
Problem of first year
1-Feeding problem
- sleep problem cause family problem
- maternal tension
- neurotic habits (Thumb sucking ,head banging ,nail
Feeding problem example :
physical disease
parental anxiety
Charactevestic of second year (Anal stage )
1-Rapid development
2-Able to make sentence
3-Start toilet training .
Problems of 2 nd year
Problem of first years .
Toilet training problem
Temper tantrum
Separation Anxiety
Characteristic of preschool(phallic stage )2-5year
Rapid development
Social problem as independent behavior on parent
Curiosity
Fantasy
Learning sexual role ( Gender identity )
Development of defence mechanism
Problem of phallic stage
Fear Temper tantrum نخفف نوبة غضب Toilet training Sleep problem Delayed socialization Sexual curiosity
Characterestic of school years (latency stage 5-10yr )
Clear sexual identity Clear position in the family . Hostility toward other sex . Identification with the teachers. Gang formation (boy and girl as social group ).
Boy :
Get some support and security ,dislike the appositive sex ,emphasize on masculine value and look as strong group .
Girl :
Not look as a strong group ,number is less (small group ), more dependent and identification with the mothers and show more feminine activities with dolls and playing at home
Boy :
.
Boy :
Get some support and security ,dislike the appositive sex ,emphasize on masculine value and look as strong group .
Girl :
Not look as a strong group ,number is less (small group ), more dependent and identification with the mothers and show more feminine activities with dolls and playing at home
Problem of latency stage
Anxiety ,phobia ,school refusal , Antisocial behavior
Adolescent stage
Male 13-17 years.
Female 11-13 yrs .
Characteristic of adolescent stage .
1-Physical changes
- seminal emission in male .
- Menarche .in female
2-Increase awareness of personal identity .
3-Peers group and close friendship .
4-Four developmental tasks .
what’re Four developmental tasks
A .nurture and care for other
B. learning to work to achieve self-support.
C. accept about sexual roles and heterosexual interest .
D. moving outside the family to form anew family .
Problem of Adolescent stage
- Conflict between dependent and in depndent .
- Masturbation .
- Peer group problem .
- Sexual problem
in oral stage what the child stastfy by ?
sucking or food
in anal stage what’s the child stastfy by ?
voivding
in which stage there will be toilt training
anal stage
when the child start to depond on him self ?
preschool
important faeture of the preschooling ?
1- start to depond on him self 2-fantacy 3-start the stage of the defense mechanism 4- curusity 5- satrt to know the gender role
all the defense mechanism happen uncounsius exept
supperation
when the child start to ask odd question ?
preschooling
when the child start to identify the role of gender ?
preschooling
when the sexual problem start?
preschooling
when the anxiety start ?
in preschool so he develop the defense mechanism
when the gender identy settle ?
in latency period
in which stage there will be intense relashionship between the girls and boys ?
in latency period
in which stage there will be gange formation
latency period
when the phobia appear ?
latency period
when the person start seprate from the family and make his own jujment ?
adult
when the substance abuse or the self multation start ?
adult
when the love start ?
adult
