Growth and development Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
Differentiate growth from development
A
Growth = increase in size, composition and distribution of tissues Development = increase in complexity of structures and their functions
2
Q
What is a growth spurt?
A
Increase in growth velocity
3
Q
What is a milestone?
A
The usual age at which the ability to perform a specific activity is achieved
4
Q
What is bone age?
A
The measurement of osseous maturation in long bones
5
Q
Name the gross motor milestones of a newborn
A
Ventral suspension
Head droops, limbs flexed, limbs hang dowanwards
Moro reflex
Palmar/plantar grasp reflexes
6
Q
Name the fine motor milestones of a newborn
A
Hands fisted
Closes eyes to bright lights
7
Q
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a newborn
A
Stills to sound
Startles to sudden loud noises
8
Q
Name the personal/social milestones of a newborn
A
Alternates between drowsiness and alert wakefulness
9
Q
Name the milestone warning signs of a newborn
A
Hypertonia/hypotonia
Assym reflexes
Excessive head lag
Poor sucking
10
Q
Name the gross motor milestones of a 6 week old
A
Some head control Prone Head to side, buttocks moderately high Moro reflex Ventral suspension
11
Q
Name the fine motor milestones of a 6 week old
A
Stares
Follows horizontally to 90 degrees
12
Q
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 6 week old
A
Startle response
13
Q
Name the personal/social milestones of a 6 week old
A
Smiles at mother
14
Q
Name the gross motor milestones of a 3 month old
A
Pull-to-sit Little/no head lag Prone Support on forearms Lifts head Buttocks flat Rolls over
15
Q
Name the fine motor milestones of a 3 month old
A
Follows through 180 degrees
Holds rattle when placed in hand
16
Q
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 3 month old
A
Coos
Chuckles
17
Q
Name the personal/social milestones of a 3 month old
A
Excited to see mother
Reacts to familiar situations
18
Q
Name the gross motor milestones of a 6 month old
A
Pull-to-sit Braces shoulders and pulls to sit Sits with support, prone Lifts head and chest well up Supports on extended arms
19
Q
Name the fine motor milestones of a 6 month old
A
Reaches for and grasps toy
Transfers toy from one hand to another
20
Q
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 6 month old
A
Initiates conversation
21
Q
Name the personal/social milestones of a 6 month old
A
Takes everything to mouth
Responds to mirror image
22
Q
Name the gross motor milestones of a 9 month old
A
Sits without support
Crawls on hands and knees
Pulls to stand
23
Q
Name the fine motor milestones of a 9 month old
A
Immediately reaches out
Holds cube in each hand
24
Q
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 9 month old
A
Vocalises deliberately
Babbles
25
Name the personal/social milestones of a 9 month old
Stranger anxiety
| Holds bottle/cup
26
Name the milestone warning signs in a 6 week old
```
No visual fixation or following
Assym of tone/movement
Floppy, excessive head lag
Failure to smile
Poor sucking
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27
Name the milestone warning signs in a 6 month old
```
Floppiness
Failure to use both hands
Squint
Failure to turn to sound
Poor response to people
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28
Name the milestone warning signs in a 9 month old
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Unable to sit
Hand preference
Fisting
Squint
Persistence of primitive reflexes
```
29
Name the gross motor milestones of a 10 month old
Pulls to stand
| Walks with assistance
30
Name the fine motor milestones of a 10 month old
Picks up small object between thumb and index finger
31
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 10 month old
Shakes head for no
| Waves bye bye
32
Name the personal/social milestones of a 10 month old
Plays peek-a-boo with mother
33
Name the gross motor milestones of a 12 month old
Bear walks
Walks around furniture lifting one foot and stepping sideways
May walk alone
34
Name the fine motor milestones of a 12month old
Pincer grasp
| Releases object on request
35
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 12 month old
Knows own name
| 2-3 words with meaning
36
Name the personal/social milestones of a 12month old
Finger feeds
| Pushes arms into sleeves
37
Name the milestone warning signs in a 12 month old
Unable to sit or bear weight
Abnormal grasp
Failure to respond to sound
38
Name the gross motor milestones of a 15 month old
Walks alone
Uneven steps
Arms out for balance
39
Name the fine motor milestones of a 15 month old
2-cube tower
40
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 15 month old
Jabbers with expression
41
Name the personal/social milestones of a 15 month old
Holds and drinks from cup
| Attempts feeding with spoon (spills most)
42
Name the gross motor milestones of a 18 month old
```
Walks well
Arms down
Pulls a toy
Throws a ball
Climbs on chair
```
43
Name the fine motor milestones of a 18 month old
3-cube tower
| Scribbles
44
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 18 month old
2-word utterances
45
Name the personal/social milestones of a 18 month old
Handles spoon and cup
| Indicates wet nappy
46
Name the milestone warning signs in a 18 month old
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Failure to walk
No pincer grip
Inability to understand simple commands
No spontaneous vocalisation
Mouthing
Drooling
```
47
Name the gross motor milestones of a 24 month old
Runs
Up and down steps
2 feet per step
48
Name the fine motor milestones of a 24 month old
6-cube tower
Train with cubes
Imitates vertical line
Hand preference obvious
49
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 24 month old
Short phrases
| Uses pronouns
50
Name the personal/social milestones of a 24 month old
Spoon feeds w/o spilling
| Clean and dry by day
51
Name the milestone warning signs in a 24 month old
Unable to understand simple commands
Tremor
Incoordination
52
Name the gross motor milestones of a 36 month old
```
Rides a tricycle
Up steps (one foot)
Down steps (2 feet)
```
53
Name the fine motor milestones of a 36 month old
9-cube tower
Bridge with cubes
Copies circle
54
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 36 month old
Knows name and sex
| Talks incessantly
55
Name the personal/social milestones of a 36 month old
Toilet trained
| Dresses w/o supervision
56
Name the milestone warning signs in a 36 month old
Ataxia
| Using single words only
57
Name the gross motor milestones of a 48 month old
Up and down stairs (1 foot per step)
Stands on one foot for 3-5s
Hops on preferred foot
58
Name the fine motor milestones of a 48 month old
Copies cross
| Gate with cubes
59
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 48 month old
Full name
Home address
Age
Recognises colours
60
Name the personal/social milestones of a 48 month old
Eats with spoon and fork
Washes and dries hands
Dresses and undresses
Make-believe play
61
Name the milestone warning signs in a 48 month old
Speech difficult to understand (poor articulation, omission, substitution of consonants)
62
Name the gross motor milestones of a 60 month old
Walks easily on narrow line
| Can hop on each foot seperately
63
Name the fine motor milestones of a 60 month old
6-10 cube steps
Copies square + triangle
Draws a man with full features
64
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 60 month old
Fluent speech
Full name
Age
65
Name the personal/social milestones of a 60 month old
Uses knife and fork
Undresses and dresses alone
Chooses own friends
66
Name the milestone warning signs in a 60 month old
Emotional immaturity
67
Name the gross motor milestones of a 72 month old
Sits up without help of hands
| Walks backward alone straight line
68
Name the fine motor milestones of a 72 month old
10 cube steps
| Copies diamond + rectangle
69
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 72 month old
Word definition
Compositions
Knows birthday, address
70
Name the personal/social milestones of a 72 month old
Cooperatively play
Leadership
Division of labour
71
Name the milestone warning signs in a 72 month old
Clumsy
Poor posture
Stutters
72
Name the gross motor milestones of a 7-8 year old
Jumps 25cm feet together
Throws ball
Catches ball
73
Name the fine motor milestones of a 7-8 year old
```
Writes name
Draws person (facial features + limbs correct, align to body + hands)
```
74
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 7-8 year old
Sentences of 10 syllables
75
Name the personal/social milestones of a 7-8 year old
One special friend
| Dresses + undresses completely w/o help
76
Name the milestone warning signs in a 7-8 year old
Poor pencil grip
77
Name the gross motor milestones of a 9-10 year old
Runs downstairs
78
Name the fine motor milestones of a 9-10 year old
3 word sentences
79
Name the hearing and speech milestones of a 9-10 year old
Produce all speech sounds including s, z and ng
80
Name the personal/social milestones of a 9-10 year old
Takes full responsibility for personal care
81
Name the milestone warning signs in a 9-10 year old
Speech sound difficulty
82
What are the 3 events of puberty?
Hormonal changes
Appearance of secondary sex characteristics
Change of growth velocity
83
Explain the tanner staging of male genital development
1 - testes, scrotum and penis of same size and proportions of early childhood
2 - enlargement of scrotum and testes, scrotum skin reddens and changes texture
3 - lengthening of penis and further growth of scrotum and testes
4 - increase in penis width, development of glans, scrotum darkens
5 - adult size and shaped genitalia
84
Explain the tanner staging of male and female pubic hair
1 - no pubic hair
2 - sparse growth of slightly pigmented downy hair at base of penis
3 - hair darker, coarser, more curled spreading sparsely over pubic junction
4 - hair is adult in type but covers smaller area w/ no spread to medial surface of thights
5 -
85
Explain the tanner staging of female breast development
1 - elevation of papilla
2 - elevation of breast and papilla (breast buds) and areola enlargment
3 - further elevation of breast and areola
4 - projection of areola and papilla above breast level
5 - projection of papilla alone with recession of areola
86
What is the normal process of pubertal events?
Typically sequential, beginning with
thelarche and followed by adrenarche (production of
androgens), pubarche (pubic hair growth), a growth spurt, and finally menses.
