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Coovadias Paediatrics > Evaluation of the sick child > Flashcards

Evaluation of the sick child Flashcards

1
Q

Name important components in paediatric history

A 
Perinatal history
Prenatal history
Birth history
Neonatal history
Growth and development
Immunization
Diet and feeding
Family history
Social
Financial
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2
Q

How do we round off weight in infants?

A

Nearest 10g

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3
Q

How do we round off weight in children?

A

Nearest 100g

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4
Q

How does axillary temperature compare to core temperature?

A

AT is 1 degree lower

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5
Q

How does groin temperature compare to core temperature?

A

GT is 1 degree lower

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6
Q

How does oral temperature compare to core temperature?

A

OT is 0.5 degree lower

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7
Q

Define fever in a child

A

Temperature above 38

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8
Q

Define hypothermia in a child

A

Temperature below 35.5

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9
Q

Name important components in the paediatric general examination

A 
Measurements
- weight
- height
- HC
- temperature
Nutritional state
General appearance
Skin
Head
Face
Eyes
Nose
Ears
Respiratory system
CVS
Abdomen
CNS
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10
Q

When is jaundice visible in newborn?

A

Total serum bilirubin > 90umol/l

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11
Q

When is jaundice visible in the older child?

A

Total serum bilirubin >40mol/l

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12
Q

Name causes of nail bed pallor

A

Low Hb
Shock
Hypoproteinaemia

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13
Q

Name signs of dehydration

A

Poor tissue turgor
Sunken fontanelle
Absence of tears
Dry mouth mucous membranes

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14
Q

In which dehydrated infants will tissue turgor be less reduced?

A

Obese

Hypernatremia

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15
Q

Which locations can be used to demonstrate oedema?

A

Dorsum of foot
Anterior tibia
Lower spine

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16
Q

When should anterior fontanelle close?

A

18 months

17
Q

Name causes of premature closing of the anterior fontanelle

A

Microcephaly

Craniostenosis

18
Q

Name causes of delayed closing of the anterior fontanelle

A

Hydrocephalus
Rickets
Cretinism

19
Q

What is a bulging fontanelle a sign of?

A

Raised ICP

20
Q

What is purulent discharge from a signal nostril a sign of?

A

Foreign body

21
Q

How does ear examination differ in infants?

A

Ear canal is upward

Pull pinna downwards

22
Q

How does ear examination differ in older children?

A

Ear canal is downward and forward

Pull pinna up and back

Coovadias Paediatrics (10 decks)

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