Growth and Development Flashcards
1
Q
Recall the patterns of normal growth from foetal life through puberty with its normal and abnormal variations.
A
a
2
Q
List the measurement techniques in paediatric growth and development.
A
- Height
- Length
- Sitting height
Head circumference;
- Routine in children <2
- Tape round forehead and occipital prominence for max. circumference
Bone age (?TW20);
- Radiographs must be of high quality
- Evaluated by skilled practitioner
- Pathological condition can distort bones
- Severe osteopenia confuses interpretation
3
Q
Describe the Tanner method: staging of puberty.
A
B (breast development) - 1 to 5 G (genital development) - 1 to 5 PH (pubic hair) - 1 to 5 AH (axillary hair) - 1 to 3 T (testicular volume) - 2ml to 20 ml
4
Q
List the history and further examination in paediatric growth and development.
A
- Birth weight and gestation
- PMH
- Family history/social history/schooling
- Systematic enquiry
- Dysmorphic features
- Systemic examination
5
Q
Summarise the assessment tools in paediatric growth and development.
A
- Height/length/weight
- Growth Charts and plotting
- MPH and Target centiles
- Growth velocity
- Bone age
- Pubertal assessment
6
Q
List the factors influencing height.
A
- Age
- Sex
- Race
- Nutrition
- Parental heights
- Puberty
- Skeletal maturity (bone age)
- General health
- Chronic disease
- Specific growth disorders
- Socio-economic status
- Emotional well-being
7
Q
Name the most important pubertal stages in males and females.
A
Breast budding (Tanner Stage B 2) in females. Testicular enlargement (Tanner Stage G2 - T3-4ml) in males.
These are the earliest objective signs of puberty
and when present, puberty will usually progress onwards.
8
Q
State the indications for referral of growth disorders.
A
- Extreme short or tall stature (off centiles)
- Height below target height
- Abnormal height velocity (crossing centiles)
- History of chronic disease
- Obvious dysmorphic syndrome
- Early/late puberty
