Growth and development Flashcards
What event marks the onset of development?
Fertilization
Fertilization occurs in the___ with in ___?
Ampulla isthmus junction; 1 day of ovulation
During fertilization of the oocyte,___ spermatozoa create a puncture of the____. Then ___ contacts the membrane of the oocyte for activation?
Many; corona radiate; one
What process of chemical interplay among developing cells prompt the differentiation of other embryonic cells?
Induction
What is the developmental fate of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst?
It becomes an embryo
Improper development of which of the extra embryonic membranes affects the cardiovascular system?
Yolk sac
Which of the three embryonic germ layers consists of cells that DO NOT migrate to the interior of the inner cell mass?
Ectoderm
Which body system develops from all three embryonic germ layers?
Endocrine system
Which event below is a factor that would influence delivery of the fetus?
Estrogen levels increase and increase sensitivity of smooth muscles to oxytocin. Relaxin is secreted and dilates the cervix of the uterus. Prostaglandin release stretches uterine wall.
What is (are) the important function(s) of the placenta?
It produces hormones that affect maternal systems. It is a route for waste elimination and supplying fetal tissues with nutrients.
Why does a mothers blood volume increase during pregnancy?
Much of her blood is redirected to the placenta
What are the important roles in hCG in maintaining pregnancy?
It helps corpus luteum persist throughout out the first trimester. It promotes continued secretion of progesterone.
Why is it more detrimental for a pregnant women to be exposed to teratogens, alcohol, or drugs during her first trimester than later pregnancy?
All major organs are forming
At month 4 of prenatal development, which event has NOT occurred?
Formation of alveoli
Colostrum contains___ then breast milk?
more proteins and less fat
Where is oxytocin produced in the brain?
The paraventricular nucleus
When the lungs expand as neonate takes its first breath, what important change(s) occur(s) in the cardiovascular system?
The pattern of blood flow changes due to changes in pressure in flow rates. The foramen ovale & ductus anteriosus close.
If a fetus is delivered at 26 weeks and weighs 550 grams, what type of delivery has occurred and what are the chances of survival?
Immature delivery; most will die; despite neonatal care
Why are children not identical copies to their parents?
Mutations occur during meiosis. Random distributions of chromosomes occurs during meiosis. Crossing over occurs during meiosis.
If you are homozygous for a trait (such as curly hair) what does that mean for your phenotype?
You will express that trait
How is your genotype distinguished from your phenotype?
Genetic makeup; anatomical and physiological characteristics of an individual
Codominant means___. An example of a trait that is inherited in a codominant fashion is/ are___?
Both alleles are equally expressed; blood type AB
If one parent is homozygous dominant for a trait (zz) and the other parent is homozygous recessive for the same trait (zz). What is the outcome of their offspring?
No offspring will express the recessive allele. All offspring will be heterozygous for the trait.
Which of the following statements is indicative of the condition known as Fragile X syndrome?
Boys are affected by the disease and show signs of developmental delay. This syndrome illustrates how a single nucleotide stutter can cause severe impairment of a person.
