Fluid Balance Flashcards
Why are affects of diet more profound & immediate in infants compared with adults?
Infants, energy sources and mineral reserves are smaller
What is the primary cause of hypercalcemia?
Hyperparathyroidism
How does a prolonged fast effect the bodies pH?
pH decreases after a fast
What effect does a decrease in the pH of body fluids have on respiratory rate?
The respiratory rate increases
Waynes’s cardiac muscle cells have been releasing ANP to response of over stretching of his heart walls. What is the effect of the release of ANP?
ANP blocks the release of ADH & aldosterone
Which of the following are primary ions present in ECF?
Na+, Cl-, HCO3-
Which of the following is NOT one of the process essentials to stabilizing body fluid volumes, solute concentration or pH, of the ECF?
Hormone balance
If the osmotic concentration of ECF increases, which of the following happens?
Water moves from cells into ECF
Why do homeostatic mechanisms that adjust composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ECF, rather than ICF?
A change in one ECF component rapidly affects all body cells.
Mr. proctor has high blood pressure. As his physician, why do you council him to limit his intake of sodium?
Sodium causes an increase in blood volume, and blood pressure, and decreased ADH secretion
What situation would contribute to an acute episode of respiratory acidosis?
A drowning accident
Which is true concerning metabolic generation of water?
Breaking down 1 gram of lipid generates more water then breaking down 1 gram of carbohydrate
What is a reason for development of metabolic acidosis?
Strenuous exercise due to lactic acid accumulation. Diabetics who are noncompliant with their insulin.
What effect would drinking salt water have on intracellular concentration?
The intracellular solute concentration would rise
What effect does drinking a pitcher of distilled water have on ADH secretion?
Secretion of ADH decreases
Although disturbances in___balance are more common, a disturbance in___balance is much more dangerous because of the effect on cardiac function?
Sodium; potassium
Which hormone affecting electrolyte balance is responsible for determining the rate of Na+ absorption and K+ lost along the DCT?
Aldosterone
What is the major buffer system of the ECF?
Carbonic acid- bicarbonate buffer system
Which of the following is (are) true of the hemoglobin buffer system?
It is the only intracellular buffer system that has an immediate effect on the pH of ECF. It helps prevent drastic changes in pH when plasma Pco2 is rising or falling.
Why does the tubular fluid in nephrons need to be buffered?
Buffers keep the pH high enough for H+ ion secretion to continue
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes a strong acid from a weak acid?
Strong acids dissociate completely in solution
What is the effect of acidosis on the circulatory system?
Peripheral vasodilatation and drop in BP
Hyperventilation produces which of the following effects?
Respiratory alkalosis
What change in an elderly persons body contributes to poor acid-base balance?
Reduction in GFR and reduction in number of functional nephrons
Why can prolonged vomiting produce metabolic alkalosis, while prolonged diarrhea produces metabolic acidosis?
Diarrhea causes loss of HCO3- in the ECF, while vomiting causes increase of HCO3- in the ECF
During an asthma attack, kristen’s bronchioles constrict, reducing pulmonary exchange. Which of the following scenarios will result?
Increased breathing rate, decreased plasma pH, and hypercapnia
