Fluid Balance

Question 1

Why are affects of diet more profound & immediate in infants compared with adults?

Answer 1

Infants, energy sources and mineral reserves are smaller

Question 2

What is the primary cause of hypercalcemia?

Answer 2

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 3

How does a prolonged fast effect the bodies pH?

Answer 3

pH decreases after a fast

Question 4

What effect does a decrease in the pH of body fluids have on respiratory rate?

Answer 4

The respiratory rate increases

Question 5

Waynes’s cardiac muscle cells have been releasing ANP to response of over stretching of his heart walls. What is the effect of the release of ANP?

Answer 5

ANP blocks the release of ADH & aldosterone

Question 6

Which of the following are primary ions present in ECF?

Answer 6

Na+, Cl-, HCO3-

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the process essentials to stabilizing body fluid volumes, solute concentration or pH, of the ECF?

Answer 7

Hormone balance

Question 8

If the osmotic concentration of ECF increases, which of the following happens?

Answer 8

Water moves from cells into ECF

Question 9

Why do homeostatic mechanisms that adjust composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ECF, rather than ICF?

Answer 9

A change in one ECF component rapidly affects all body cells.

Question 10

Mr. proctor has high blood pressure. As his physician, why do you council him to limit his intake of sodium?

Answer 10

Sodium causes an increase in blood volume, and blood pressure, and decreased ADH secretion

Question 11

What situation would contribute to an acute episode of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 11

A drowning accident

Question 12

Which is true concerning metabolic generation of water?

Answer 12

Breaking down 1 gram of lipid generates more water then breaking down 1 gram of carbohydrate

Question 13

What is a reason for development of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 13

Strenuous exercise due to lactic acid accumulation. Diabetics who are noncompliant with their insulin.

Question 14

What effect would drinking salt water have on intracellular concentration?

Answer 14

The intracellular solute concentration would rise

Question 15

What effect does drinking a pitcher of distilled water have on ADH secretion?

Answer 15

Secretion of ADH decreases

Question 16

Although disturbances in___balance are more common, a disturbance in___balance is much more dangerous because of the effect on cardiac function?

Answer 16

Sodium; potassium

Question 17

Which hormone affecting electrolyte balance is responsible for determining the rate of Na+ absorption and K+ lost along the DCT?

Answer 17

Aldosterone

Question 18

What is the major buffer system of the ECF?

Answer 18

Carbonic acid- bicarbonate buffer system

Question 19

Which of the following is (are) true of the hemoglobin buffer system?

Answer 19

It is the only intracellular buffer system that has an immediate effect on the pH of ECF. It helps prevent drastic changes in pH when plasma Pco2 is rising or falling.

Question 20

Why does the tubular fluid in nephrons need to be buffered?

Answer 20

Buffers keep the pH high enough for H+ ion secretion to continue

Question 21

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes a strong acid from a weak acid?

Answer 21

Strong acids dissociate completely in solution

Question 22

What is the effect of acidosis on the circulatory system?

Answer 22

Peripheral vasodilatation and drop in BP

Question 23

Hyperventilation produces which of the following effects?

Answer 23

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 24

What change in an elderly persons body contributes to poor acid-base balance?

Answer 24

Reduction in GFR and reduction in number of functional nephrons

Question 25

Why can prolonged vomiting produce metabolic alkalosis, while prolonged diarrhea produces metabolic acidosis?

Answer 25

Diarrhea causes loss of HCO3- in the ECF, while vomiting causes increase of HCO3- in the ECF

Question 26

During an asthma attack, kristen’s bronchioles constrict, reducing pulmonary exchange. Which of the following scenarios will result?

Answer 26

Increased breathing rate, decreased plasma pH, and hypercapnia