Growing lambs Flashcards
What causes ruminal acidosis in lambs?
Rapidly fermentable CHO
Due to sudden introduction of grains
How is ruminal acidosis in lambs diagnoesd?
Rumenocentesis
pH <5.5
What is the treatment for acidosis in lambs?
Fluids and vitamins
Penicillin 10 days
Feed hay
Chronic suppurative pneumonia is when what forms secondary to pneumonia?
Lung abscesses
Name 1 bacteria that may be involved with chronic suppurative pneumonia
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Mannheimia haemolytica
Pasteurella multocida
What is the treatment and prognosis for chronic suppurative pneumonia?
Tx: penicillin
Prognosis poor
What two species of Eimeria cause coccidiosis in sheep? What is the source?
Eimeria crandalis
Eimeria ovinoidalis
Ewes/older lambs act as source
What are the biggest risk factors for coccidiosis?
Mixing ages of sheep
What age of lambs typically present with coccidiosis? What is the diarrhoea like that they present with?
4-8 weeks
Diarrhoea with blood
What is the treatment for coccidiosis?
Fluids
Dicluzaril or toltrazuril - whole group
Copper poisoning is common in sheep of all ages. What breeds are susceptible?
North Ronaldsay
Suffolk
Texel
Blue-faced Leicester
What is the treatment for copper poisoning in sheep?
EDTA
Supportive Tx and remove source
Add molybdenum and sulphur to water
Crypto in sheep is zoonotic. What pathogen causes crypto?
Cryptosporidium parvum
What age lambs are infected with Cryptosporidium parvum? How is it diagnosed?
3 to 7 days old
Faecal smear or PME (may be fatal)
What is the treatment for crypto in lambs?
Supportive treatment
Fluids
No licensed drugs - use cascade
What age lambs are affected by nephrosis syndrome and what is the aetiology thought to be?
2-12 weeks old
Thought to be Crypto/coccidiosis
What clinical signs are seen with lamb nephrosis syndrome and what is the treatment?
Increased thirst
Loss of BCS
Diarrhoea
No treatment - euthanasia
How is lamb nephrosis syndrome diagnosed?
Biochemistry - raised urine, creatinine, hyperkalaemia etc
PME - pale swollen kidneys
What are the 2 causes of lungworm in sheep and are they both significant findings?
Dictyocaulus filaria - significant
Muelleris capillaris - not significant
In what season are sheep typically affected by lungworm?
Summer or Autumn
When out at pasture
How is lungworm diagnosed in sheep?
Baermann’s test (larvae in faeces)
Is Mannheimia haemolytica pathogenic or commensal?
Commensal in nasopharynx
Pathogenic in lungs (often secondary)
How is Mannheimia haemolytica treated in sheep?
Long acting antibiotics:
Oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, macrolides
Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae is seen in over-stocked lambs. How is it diagnosed and treated?
Diagnosed by BAL or PME
Treated with oxytetracycline
How is Mannheimia haemolytica prevented in sheep?
Vaccination
Give 2 examples of viruses that may cause pneumonia in sheep
Parainfluenza (PI)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
What causes frothy ruminal bloat?
Legumes or grain ingestion
Ruminal bloat causes left sided distension in sheep. How is it treated?
Stomach tube
Rumen trochar
Dimethicone (oral)
How is cobalt deficiency diagnosed?
Low cobalt or vit B12 levels in blood or level
What causes White Lamb Disease?
Vitamin E/selenium deficiency
Thyroid goitre in lambs on post-mortem exam suggests what deficiency?
Iodine
What breed of lamb is predisposed to Swayback?
Scottish Blackface
What causes copper deficiency in lambs?
Congenital - due to ewe lacking copper supplementation
