Groups of elements

Question 1

what charge ion does a metal make

Answer 1

positive

Question 2

What charge ion does a non-metal make

Answer 2

negative (usually)

Question 3

What happens to the shells of an atom when it reacts?

Answer 3

it loses, shares or gains electrons to get a full outer shell

Question 4

Why do metals form positive ions?

Answer 4

The metals towards the left have not many electrons to remove

metals towards the bottom of the periodic table have outer electrons a long way away from the nucleus

meaning it is very easy for the electrons to remove the electrons and not much energy is needed. So its easier to form positive ions when reacting

Question 5

Why do non metals form negative ions?

Answer 5

it is more difficult for them to make positive ions as they have a lot of electrons to remove to get a full outer shell, (on the right of the periodic table) and they are also under the force of strong attraction as they are close to the nucleus. So they find it easier to or share gain electrons to form a full outer shell and make a negative ion.

Question 6

What basic properties do all metals have and why?

Answer 6

Because of metallic bonding they all are
strong
malleable
good conductors of heat and electricity
they have high boiling and melting points

Question 7

Why don’t non metals have the same properties as metals? what properties do they tend to have?

Answer 7

As non-metals don’t have metallic bonding

they tend to be dull looking
more brittle
aren't always solids
lower density
often/generally don't conduct electricity

Question 8

What elements are in group 1?

Answer 8

Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Rubidium
Caesium 
Francium

Question 9

What do all group 1 elements have in terms of electrons and PH?

Answer 9

They all have 1 electron in the outer shell

and they are also Alkali metals

Question 10

What properties do all group one elements have?

Answer 10

They are all very reactive

they are also soft metals

they also have a low density

Question 11

What happens to the group 1 metals as you go down the group

Answer 11

They increase in reactivity - the outer electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases, as the electron is further away from the nucleus the further down you go

Lower melting and boiling point

Higher relative atomic mass

Question 12

Why are group 1 elements reactive?

Answer 12

As they don’t need much energy to lose their electrons, as there’s only one in the outer shell, so they easily react with anything like air or water to make a +1 ion

they react with water to make colourless solutions and are usually white solids

Question 13

What happens when group 1 metals react with water?

Answer 13

They react vigorously

the more reactive (lower down in the group) the metal is the more violent the reaction

Li, Na and K react with water they float and fizz and move around the surface of the water

they produce hydrogen during the reaction

they form hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solutions

Question 14

What happens when chlorine reacts with a group one metal?

Answer 14

they react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas to produce a white salt called a metal chloride

as you go down the group the reaction with chlorine becomes more vigorous

Question 15

What happens when a group 1 metal reacts with oxygen?

Answer 15

They react with oxygen to form a metal oxide(type of oxide dependant on metal)

Question 16

What are the group 7 elements known as?

Answer 16

The halogens

Question 17

What colour vapours do the elements in group 7 make?

Answer 17

Fluorine yellow gas
chlorine dense green gas
Bromine red-brown volatile liquid
Iodine dark grey as a solid but a purple vapour

Question 18

What properties do the group 7 elements have?

Answer 18

Flourine very reactive and poisonous
Chlorine quite reactive poisonous
Bromine is dense and poisonous liquid
Iodine can be a solid or a gas
THEY ALL TRAVEL AROUND IN PAIRS AS THEY ARE DIATOMIC

react similarly due to the fact they all have 7 electrons in their outer shells

Question 19

What are the trends as you go down the periodic table for group 7 elements?

Answer 19

Becomes less reactive the more you go down(harder to gain an extra electron, as outer shell is further away from the nucleus

Higher melting and boiling points

Higher relative atomic masses

Question 20

What is it called when two halogen atoms share electrons via covalent bonding?

Answer 20

They create simple molecular structures

Question 21

What type of ion do group 7 elements make?

Answer 21

-1 ions when they bond with metals to make an ionic structure

Question 22

What can happen in a reaction where two halogens are involved?

Answer 22

They can displace each other in a displacement reaction where the more reactive one will replace the lesser reactive one

Question 23

What are group 0 gases also called?

Answer 23

The noble gasees

Question 24

How many electrons do all the elements in group 0 have in the outer shell?

Answer 24

8

Question 25

If the group 0 gas has 8 electrons in its outer shell is it reactive?

Answer 25

No as it doesn’t need to remove or gain electrons to become stable it is already full

Question 26

Do group 0 gases travel around in pairs? what colour are they? are they flammable?

Answer 26

No they travel around monoatomically

they are colourless
no they are not as they have a full outer shell

Question 27

What happens to the trend of the group 0 gases as you down the periodic table?
name the elements starting at the highest boiling points

Answer 27

The boiling point increases as you go down aswell as increasing atomic mass(due to more electrons so greater intermolecular forces)

helium
neon
argon
krypton
xenon
radon