Groups of elements Flashcards
what charge ion does a metal make
positive
What charge ion does a non-metal make
negative (usually)
What happens to the shells of an atom when it reacts?
it loses, shares or gains electrons to get a full outer shell
Why do metals form positive ions?
The metals towards the left have not many electrons to remove
metals towards the bottom of the periodic table have outer electrons a long way away from the nucleus
meaning it is very easy for the electrons to remove the electrons and not much energy is needed. So its easier to form positive ions when reacting
Why do non metals form negative ions?
it is more difficult for them to make positive ions as they have a lot of electrons to remove to get a full outer shell, (on the right of the periodic table) and they are also under the force of strong attraction as they are close to the nucleus. So they find it easier to or share gain electrons to form a full outer shell and make a negative ion.
What basic properties do all metals have and why?
Because of metallic bonding they all are
strong
malleable
good conductors of heat and electricity
they have high boiling and melting points
Why don’t non metals have the same properties as metals? what properties do they tend to have?
As non-metals don’t have metallic bonding
they tend to be dull looking more brittle aren't always solids lower density often/generally don't conduct electricity
What elements are in group 1?
Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Caesium Francium
What do all group 1 elements have in terms of electrons and PH?
They all have 1 electron in the outer shell
and they are also Alkali metals
What properties do all group one elements have?
They are all very reactive
they are also soft metals
they also have a low density
What happens to the group 1 metals as you go down the group
They increase in reactivity - the outer electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases, as the electron is further away from the nucleus the further down you go
Lower melting and boiling point
Higher relative atomic mass
Why are group 1 elements reactive?
As they don’t need much energy to lose their electrons, as there’s only one in the outer shell, so they easily react with anything like air or water to make a +1 ion
they react with water to make colourless solutions and are usually white solids
What happens when group 1 metals react with water?
They react vigorously
the more reactive (lower down in the group) the metal is the more violent the reaction
Li, Na and K react with water they float and fizz and move around the surface of the water
they produce hydrogen during the reaction
they form hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solutions
What happens when chlorine reacts with a group one metal?
they react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas to produce a white salt called a metal chloride
as you go down the group the reaction with chlorine becomes more vigorous
What happens when a group 1 metal reacts with oxygen?
They react with oxygen to form a metal oxide(type of oxide dependant on metal)
What are the group 7 elements known as?
The halogens
What colour vapours do the elements in group 7 make?
Fluorine yellow gas
chlorine dense green gas
Bromine red-brown volatile liquid
Iodine dark grey as a solid but a purple vapour
What properties do the group 7 elements have?
Flourine very reactive and poisonous Chlorine quite reactive poisonous Bromine is dense and poisonous liquid Iodine can be a solid or a gas THEY ALL TRAVEL AROUND IN PAIRS AS THEY ARE DIATOMIC
react similarly due to the fact they all have 7 electrons in their outer shells
What are the trends as you go down the periodic table for group 7 elements?
Becomes less reactive the more you go down(harder to gain an extra electron, as outer shell is further away from the nucleus
Higher melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic masses
What is it called when two halogen atoms share electrons via covalent bonding?
They create simple molecular structures
What type of ion do group 7 elements make?
-1 ions when they bond with metals to make an ionic structure
What can happen in a reaction where two halogens are involved?
They can displace each other in a displacement reaction where the more reactive one will replace the lesser reactive one
What are group 0 gases also called?
The noble gasees
How many electrons do all the elements in group 0 have in the outer shell?
8
If the group 0 gas has 8 electrons in its outer shell is it reactive?
No as it doesn’t need to remove or gain electrons to become stable it is already full
Do group 0 gases travel around in pairs? what colour are they? are they flammable?
No they travel around monoatomically
they are colourless
no they are not as they have a full outer shell
What happens to the trend of the group 0 gases as you down the periodic table?
name the elements starting at the highest boiling points
The boiling point increases as you go down aswell as increasing atomic mass(due to more electrons so greater intermolecular forces)
helium neon argon krypton xenon radon
