Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Flashcards
What do atoms contain?
They contain
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What is the radius of an atom?
0.1 nanomètres
1 x 10 to the minus 10
What is the radius of a nucleus
1 x 10 to the minus 14
What feutres does a nucleus have
Positively charged
The whole mass is concentrated into the nucleus
Number of protons is equal to number of neutrons
What features do electrons have?
They move around the nucleus in energy shells
They are negatively charged and are very small but can cover lots of space
Electrons have almost no mass
What is the charge and mass of a proton?
Mass 1
Charge +1
What is the mass and charge of a neutron
Charge 0
Mass 1
What is the mass and charge of an electron
Charge -1
Mass almost nothing or 0
What is the overall charge of an atom
0 it is neutral as the protons and electrons charges cancel each other out
What does the atomic number say about an element
How many protons (and electrons there are usually)
What does a mass number tell you
How many neutrons and protons there are in an atom
If you want just the amount of neutrons in an atom what would you do?
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number
What is an element?
An element is a substance that is made up of atoms that have the same atomic number
Why are protons important
They decide which type of atom it is eg 1 proton is hydrogen while 2 is helium
Can atoms be represented by symbols and words
Yes
What is an isotope
They are different forms of the same element which have a different number of neutrons but the same amount of electrons
So they have the same atomic numbers but different mass numbers
What is an ion?
When an atom has the same amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus but a different amount of electrons in its shells
Because of isotopes the relative atomic mass is taken instead when referring to the element as a whole, it is an average of all the different masses and abundances of that elements isotopes
What’s the equation for it
Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) Over Sum of abundance’s of all the isotopes = relative atomic mass
What is a compound
It is when two or more elements are chemically bonded together
How are bonds made?
Involves giving atoms away, taking and sharing electrons,
What happens if a metal makes an ion
The atom loses electrons to make a positively charged ion
What happens to a non metal when it’s made into an ion
Non metal atoms gain electrons forming negative ions
What happens during ionic bonding
The negative non metal ion and the positive metal ions are attracted to each other strongly
Eg sodium chloride
Magnesium Oxide
What is it called when a metal and a non metal form a compound
Ionic bonding
What type of compound is made when two non metals form
Covalent bonding
What happens in covalent bonding
Each atom shares an electron with another atom
Eg water and hydrogen chloride
What are the chemical properties like of the elements before and after they’re in a compound
They are completely different in the compound compared to before
How many molecules of each element are there in sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
2 hydrogen
1 sulfur
4 oxygen
Balance the equation
H2SO4 + NaOH -> NaSO4 + 2 H2O
H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
Can elements be expressed as symbols?
Yes
