Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table

Question 1

What do atoms contain?

Answer 1

They contain
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 2

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 2

0.1 nanomètres

1 x 10 to the minus 10

Question 3

What is the radius of a nucleus

Answer 3

1 x 10 to the minus 14

Question 4

What feutres does a nucleus have

Answer 4

Positively charged
The whole mass is concentrated into the nucleus
Number of protons is equal to number of neutrons

Question 5

What features do electrons have?

Answer 5

They move around the nucleus in energy shells
They are negatively charged and are very small but can cover lots of space

Electrons have almost no mass

Question 6

What is the charge and mass of a proton?

Answer 6

Mass 1

Charge +1

Question 7

What is the mass and charge of a neutron

Answer 7

Charge 0

Mass 1

Question 8

What is the mass and charge of an electron

Answer 8

Charge -1

Mass almost nothing or 0

Question 9

What is the overall charge of an atom

Answer 9

0 it is neutral as the protons and electrons charges cancel each other out

Question 10

What does the atomic number say about an element

Answer 10

How many protons (and electrons there are usually)

Question 11

What does a mass number tell you

Answer 11

How many neutrons and protons there are in an atom

Question 12

If you want just the amount of neutrons in an atom what would you do?

Answer 12

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number

Question 13

What is an element?

Answer 13

An element is a substance that is made up of atoms that have the same atomic number

Question 14

Why are protons important

Answer 14

They decide which type of atom it is eg 1 proton is hydrogen while 2 is helium

Question 15

Can atoms be represented by symbols and words

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What is an isotope

Answer 16

They are different forms of the same element which have a different number of neutrons but the same amount of electrons

So they have the same atomic numbers but different mass numbers

Question 17

What is an ion?

Answer 17

When an atom has the same amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus but a different amount of electrons in its shells

Question 18

Because of isotopes the relative atomic mass is taken instead when referring to the element as a whole, it is an average of all the different masses and abundances of that elements isotopes

What’s the equation for it

Answer 18

Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) 
Over
Sum of abundance’s of all the isotopes = relative atomic mass

Question 19

What is a compound

Answer 19

It is when two or more elements are chemically bonded together

Question 20

How are bonds made?

Answer 20

Involves giving atoms away, taking and sharing electrons,

Question 21

What happens if a metal makes an ion

Answer 21

The atom loses electrons to make a positively charged ion

Question 22

What happens to a non metal when it’s made into an ion

Answer 22

Non metal atoms gain electrons forming negative ions

Question 23

What happens during ionic bonding

Answer 23

The negative non metal ion and the positive metal ions are attracted to each other strongly

Eg sodium chloride

Magnesium Oxide

Question 24

What is it called when a metal and a non metal form a compound

Answer 24

Ionic bonding

Question 25

What type of compound is made when two non metals form

Answer 25

Covalent bonding

Question 26

What happens in covalent bonding

Answer 26

Each atom shares an electron with another atom

Eg water and hydrogen chloride

Question 27

What are the chemical properties like of the elements before and after they’re in a compound

Answer 27

They are completely different in the compound compared to before

Question 28

How many molecules of each element are there in sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Answer 28

2 hydrogen
1 sulfur
4 oxygen

Question 29

Balance the equation

H2SO4 + NaOH -> NaSO4 + 2 H2O

Answer 29

H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + 2 H2O

Question 30

Can elements be expressed as symbols?

Answer 30

Yes