Groups in the periodic table Flashcards
Properties of group 1 metals
- Low density
- Only shiny on the inside
- Low melting and boiling points
- Soft-they can be cut with a knife
What are group 1 metals known as
Name them
‘Alkali metals’
Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium and Fracium
How many outer electrons do they have
Alkali metals
1 beacuse they are in group 1 so they also have similar chemical properties
What do alkali metals form?
The alkali metals form ionic compounds
Are group 1 metals reactive and why?
They are very reactive they readily lose their single outer electron to form 1+ ion with a stable electronic structure
The more readily a metal loses its outer electrons, the more reactive it is
As you go down group 1 do the metals get more reactive?
Why or how
As you go dowm group 1, the alkali metals get more reactive. The outer electron is more easily lost because its further away from the nucleus (the atomic radius is larger) so its less strongly attracted to the nucleus and less energy is needed to remove it.
When sodium reacts with chlorine it forms an ionic salt called sodium chloride
2Na + 2H2O ➔ 2NaOH + H2
Equation when they react with water
Alkali metal
Alkali metal + water ➔ metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What are group 7 metals called
Name them
‘Halogens’
Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine
How will group 1 metals react in water?
They react vigorously
Lithium will move around the surface fizzing furiously
Sodium and potassium do the same, but they also melt in the heat of the reaction
Potassium even gets hot enough to ignite the hydrogen gas being produced
They exist as diatomic molecules what does that mean?
Sharing one pair of electrons in a covalent bond giving both atoms a full outer shell
How many outer electrons do halogens have
7
Describe fluorine
Poisionous gas, yellow gas and very reactive
Describe chlorine
Poisionous gas, green gas and less reactive than fluorine
Describe Iodine
Iodine can form poisonous purple vapours, grey solid and is a antiseptic
