Groups and Figures general

Question 1

Nicholas I

Answer 1

The guy before Alexander II who started the crimean war

Question 1

Alexander II

Answer 1

Tsar 1855-81
emancipated serfs
got blown up

Question 2

Alexander III

Answer 2

Tsar 1881-94
no wars when he ruled
period of reaction since they blew up his dad

Question 3

Nicholas II

Answer 3

Tsar 1894-1917
The last tsar
messed up ww1

Question 4

Lenin

Answer 4

Leader of The Bolsheviks
Ruled Russia 1917-1924

Question 5

Stalin

Answer 5

Ruled russia 1928-1953
beat the nazis
start of the cold war
totalitarianism

Question 6

Khruschev

Answer 6

Ruled russia 1953-64
Destalinisation
Cold war
Space race
Virgin land scheme

Question 7

Pobedonostsev

Po bed onost sev

Answer 7

Helped Alexander II with Judicial reforms 1864
Tutored Alexander III, majorly influenced him

Conservative and reactionary.

His influence faded under Nicholas II

Question 8

Peoples Will

Answer 8

A terrorist group of educated classes who were upset with Alexander II’s refusal to continue his reform program after mid 1860s

(they also blew him up)

Question 9

Reds

Answer 9

Those actively supporting the Bolsheviks during civil war

Question 10

Whites

Answer 10

Those actively opposing the Bolsheviks during civil war

Question 11

Trotsky

Answer 11

A revolutionary with a leading role in securing bolshevik success during civil war.
Wanted world revolution, stalin disagreed.

Question 12

Beria

Answer 12

Head of the NKVD , stalin’s secret police, 1938 - 1953.
Some beleived he was involved in stalin’s murder.
He was denounced as a traitor, arrested and executed.

Once he was shot, the MVD (replacement for the NKVD) was placed under control of the party rather than one individual.

Question 13

Anti Party Group

Answer 13

Opposed Khruschev
Attempted to abolish the post of first secretary of the party, which would have destroyed khruschev’s power base.

Cheif protagonists: Molotov, Kagonovich, Malenkov.

Question 14

Stolypin

Answer 14

Prime minister under Nicholas II from 1906 - 1911.

Authoritarian. Quick to respond to changing political climate.
Introduced Peasant land bank
Accelerated trial for civillian rioters, resulting in series of quick executions “stolypin’s neckties”

Question 15

Kadets

Answer 15

Constitutional Democrats. A liberal political group founded in 1905.
seenas the intellectual arm of the liberal movement

Question 16

Octobrists

Answer 16

Supported the tsar, in particular, his proposals made in the october manifesto.

Question 17

Rasputin

Answer 17

A mystic who gave counsel to NII’s family.
When Nicholas took military command in 1915, rasputin extended his influence over the tsarina.

Question 18

Progressive Bloc

Answer 18

A group within the fourth Duma consisting of Kadets, Octobrists, Nationalists and Progressives, who challenged the authority of Nicholas II.

Question 19

Father Gapon

Answer 19

Orthodox preist
Led a march of workers on the winter palace in 1905, who were fired on.
(Bloody sunday)

Question 20

Populists

Answer 20

Russian intellectuals who had greater freedom to criticise tsarist rule following AII’s reforms.

Cheif proponents - Chernyshevsky , Lavrov.
Influenced by Karl Marx to create their own brand of popular socialism.

Question 21

Chernyshevsky

Answer 21

Populist
Published “What is to be done?” In 1863. Containing simplistic message on how poor russians could be released from misery

this had a profound impact on lenin.

Question 22

Lavrov

Answer 22

Populist
organised

“going to the people” Campaign 1870s.

Question 23

SRs

Answer 23

Socialist revolutionaries

emerged from populist movement 1901.
focused on improving conditions of the poor

split into two by 1905 (radical left/moderate right)
despite their divisions they were the biggest threat to tsarist rule before 1917

Question 24

Radical Left SRS

Answer 24

SRS split to left and right in 1905

the left appealed more to industrial workers
they were responsible for around 2,000 political killings including grand duke sergei and Plehve

Question 25

Moderate Right SRS

Answer 25

SRS split to left and right in 1905

the right Appealed more to peasants
the right worked with other parties and groups, gathering support and momentum after 1905 revolution.

Question 26

Grand Duke Sergei

Answer 26

Brother of Alexander III
govoner of moscow at the start of the 1900s
killed by radical left SRs.

Question 27

Plehve

Answer 27

much hated minister of interior served 1902 - 1904

killed by radical left SRs.

Question 28

George Plekhanov

Answer 28

1856-1918
known as father of russian marxism

populist/ black reparation

emphasised working class consciosness

Question 29

SDs

Answer 29

Social Democrats
founded 1898

influenced by Plekhanov’s interpretation of Marx, working class consciousness.
Few workers inclined to engage w. theory. So they focused on improving pay and hours.

eventually split to bolsheviks and mensheviks.

Question 30

Milyukov

Answer 30

Leader of the kadets
Foreign minister in 1917

Question 31

Guchkov

Answer 31

leader of octobrists
war minister in 1917

Question 32

Pyotr Struve

Answer 32

Liberal

He founded the union of liberation in 1904, which demanded the freedom and justice for all russians.

In particular, it wanted more land distribution for peasants, a representative constituent assembly and improved conditions for industrial workers.

Question 33

Green armies

Answer 33

Mainly peasant groups who opposed bolshevik rule

Question 34

Dmitri Milyutin

Answer 34

military reformer and war minister 1861-81.
Reorganised army administration using prussian military system as a model.

Also devised the milyutin plan which were the beginnings of russification in poland.