Groups Flashcards
Nation of Islam
Action: The Nation of Islam is a religious group that promotes black nationalism, which is defined as the separation of national status for black people.
Impact: Lead to Black Muslims separating from whites and establishing their own businesses, separate schools, and communities. Also, members of the Nation of Islam assassinated Malcom X because of different intrests.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Action: Planned/participated in student organized nonviolent direct action. Also, SNCC participated in the Greensboro sit-ins, freedom rides, and the freedom summer (for voting rights).
Impact: African Americans were served at a white-only counter for the first time. Also, the interstate commerce commission was ordered to enforce stricter guidelines on segregation. Lastly, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Black Panthers
Action: Sent members onto streets to patrol and ensure there was no police brutality between Oakland police and black citizens. Held armed rallies to protest police shootings/garner support for black power. Also, started violent confrontations and advocated the killing of police officers.
Impact: African-Americans gained confidence and joined radical movement to stand up to brutality. At least 19 police officers were killed by the Black Panthers. Also, they became infamous among police and many white citizens for controversial militancy and brought about national attention.
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Founded in Chicago in 1942 by a group of students, CORE was committed to nonviolent direct action as a means of change. Its first action—a peaceful protest at a segregated coffee shop in Chicago in 1943—gained national attention and helped CORE spread to other northern cities.
National Association for the Advancement for Colored People (NAACP)
The oldest major civil rights organization, also remained active in the struggle for equal rights. Tried to promote civil rights legislation. the group established a legal arm for civil rights actions, the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Thurgood Marshall became the head of this group.
The Legal Defense and Educational Fund focused on defeating segregation through the court system.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
an organization formed by Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders in 1957 to use nonviolent resistance to achieve social and political goals
Kerner Commission
the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders that concluded that white racism was the fundamental cause of the Watts riot
