Events Flashcards
Little Rock Nine
Action: Nine black students challenged segregation by enrolling at a white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. Also, Governor Orval Faubus declared he wouldn’t support desegregation in schools.
Impact: The Little Rock Nine’s stance pushed southern schools to desegregate their schools, and eventually led to all schools being desegregated. Also, the troops of the Arkansas National Guard prevented the students from entering as a show of force.
Freedom Rides
Action: Targeted the interstate bus system in the South
Impact: Many risked their lives and endured beatings/imprisonment. Also, the president passed a law that would help with bus discrimination. Riders were beaten and scarred, but caused change.
March on Washington D.C.
August 28, 1963, more than 250,000 Americans were gathered in D.C. to protest about unequal treatment of races. 60,000 of these protesters were white. Was organized by many different groups, including CORE and SNCC.
Impact: This march was on many different tv shows and newspapers earning it fame. The I have a dream speech by MLK Jr. Was on that day.
Freedom Summer
Action: During the spring of 1964 in Mississippi, a “Freedom Summer” campaign was held by both CORE and SNCC.
Impact: Many beatings, shootings, and bombings were directed towards members of the Freedom Summer campaign. Also, some African Americans earned the right to vote.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Action: The passage of the Voting Rights Act.
Impact: Allowed blacks to vote, and increased the amount of voters. The act also removed all literacy tests, which had been used to disenfranchise blacks for years.
Watts Riots
Action: The Riots, in Los Angeles and other cities, were centered upon high unemployment, substandard housing, and inadequate schools.
Impact: Split the black community between violence and non-violence.
Swann vs. Charlotte Meeklenburg Board of Educarion
Action: On behalf of Vear and Darius Swann, the NAACP sued a school district in NC, because of restrictions on their son attending an integrated school.
Impact: Causes Federal district court judge James McMilan to order and oversee a new bus system that would help reduce segregation in schools. Parents protested against this, as the busses took kids on long commutes outside their neighborhoods to go to school. In conclusion, this attempt to integrate increases tension between blacks and whites.
Please vs. Fergeson
“Separate but equal” was upheld
President Truman - Executive order #9981
stated “It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin.” With this order, desegregation became official policy in the armed forces.
Earl Warren/”Warren Court”
Brown va. Board of Education was one of the most important judicial decisions in the nation’s history. It was also one of many key rulings on civil rights made by the Court under Earl Warren, who served as chief justice from 1953 to 1969. In fact, the Warren Court became known for its activism on civil rights and free speech.
“Letter from a Birmingham Jail”
King explained why African Americans were using civil disobedience and other forms of direct action to protest segregation. “The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust,” he wrote. “One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.”
Birmingham Campaign
a movement organized in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Civil Rights Act of 1968
a law that included a ban on discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, or sex
Roots/Alex Haley (Author)
told the story of several generations of an enslaved black family, and gained exposure for the African American struggle.
