Groups

Question 1

groupthink

Answer 1

• string pressure if conformity, low anonymity, high level of ignorance -> came to disastrous conclusion
• group leader having massive impact, idea seems clear before discussion, people dont want to speak
  up anymore

Question 2

preventing group think

Answer 2

• leader not sharing opinion
• leader encourages brining up all ideas
• having someone specifically speaking against group idea
• discuss in subgroups first
• having experts in discussion
  -> ensure that no communication breakdowns occurs

Question 3

group polarization

Answer 3

biases; not considering alternative options even less after discussion
- different group members will have different reasons, having more reasons after group discussion -> shifting towards risky behavior

Question 4

social facilitation

Answer 4

-> arousal for performance (mere presence of people raises arousal; drive hypothesis)
- in easy task arousal is supportive (getting better)
- in hard task arousal is not supportive -> mismatch -> performing worse (evaluation apprehension hypothesis; fear of being evaluated by capable audience)
-> performance depends on task and needed arousal level

Question 5

social loafing

Answer 5

(remember rope tossing experiment)
- the more people tossing, the less strength used (motivation lose)
- also includes coordination loss (shown when done with real group)
-> harder to judge input/efforts when being in group (not doing our best anymore)

Question 6

reducing social loafing

Answer 6

• making everyone noticeable/evaluator so no one can slack off
• smaller groups making slack offs more visible

Question 7

predictors for loafing

Answer 7

• single gender group; men tend to do more social loafing
• mixed gender; men work harder to not look stupid against females
• trying harder when working with friends to not disappoint them
• importance of task (might even lead to social compensation; increasing efforts to compensate others)
• cultural values