GROUP1 Flashcards
The study and documentation of the past of a specific community, region, or area
LOCAL HISTORY
It is a small, self-contained system reflecting or embodying the characteristics of a
larger system.
o The term is used across fields to illustrate how smaller entities can represent broader
concepts.
o Emphasizes the interconnectedness of smaller entities with larger systems, helping
illuminate complex relationships.
microcosm
The study of the past in general.
history
Local history can be seen as a _____ or representation of large patterns on a small scale.
microcosm
He resisted initially but strategically adapted to Spanish presence and Formed alliances with missionaries.
DATU SALANGSANG
Spanish expeditions motivated by ______ , ______& spread of ____.
expansion, trade, and spreading Christianity
Arrival of Spanish explorers in Mindanao, including Cagayan de Oro.
16th Century
Indigenous Communities
* _______ People:
Skilled in farming, hunting, and traditional arts.
Higaonon
It is a Gateway for domestic and international trade via Laguindingan Airport and seaports.
o Economic hub with key roles in trade, logistics, tourism, and commerce.
Strategic importance
Positioned along Macajalar Bay.
Cagayan de Oro
A highly urbanized city in Northern Mindanao, serving as the capital of Misamis Oriental.
Cagayan de Oro
Local history has the tendency to be misinterpreted or
reinterpreted due to controversial or sensitive issues. This involves trauma and memory, diverse
perspectives, marginalized voices, and historical revisionism.
Controversial and Sensitive Issues
A risk that students might rely
heavily on local resources or existing publications, particularly materials found in museums or
community archives.
PLAGIARISM
The act of simplifying something to the point where it loses its essential
meaning or complexity.
Oversimplification
Refers to a narrow or limited perspective that prioritizes local or specific interests
over broader or more universal concerns.
Parochialism
Defined as the indiscriminate collection of facts for their own sake, without any
sense of questions to be answered or relationships to wider issues.
Antiquarianism
o Limited time in packed school schedules.
o Focus on national history topics over local history.
o Extra activities like field trips and museum tours are time-consuming.
Time Factor
1.Limited availability of resources (maps, documents, artifacts).
2.Difficulty of accessing or interpreting the materials (mentioned above).
3.Lack of guidance for teachers.
Resource Problem
The study of the past in a specific local context.
Local History:
A Jesuit priest, arrived to establish a Christian mission. Marked a pivotal cultural transformation for Cagayan de Oro.
NAME & YEAR
1622: Fr. Pedro de San Agustin
Religious and military leader who helped relocate the Himologan settlement near
Gaston Park.
Fray Agustin de San Pedro (El Padre Capitan)
The San Agustin Metropolitan Cathedral was named in his honor.
Fray Agustin de San Pedro
Aimed to capture slaves, seize resources, and resist Spanish expansion.
Moro raids in the early 1700s
Leaders like Sultan____ and his successors influenced resistance.
KUDARAT
- Stone fort built near the river in the early 1700s.
- Symbolized Spanish power and defense strategies.
The Fuerza Real de San Jose
Introduction of corn, coffee, and tobacco as cash crops.
o Encomienda system granted large land tracts to Spanish officials, leading to haciendas.
o Export crops like sugarcane, abaca, and copra fueled economic growth.
o Infrastructure improvements (e.g., roads, ports) boosted trade and agricultural
transport.
ERA?
SPANISH ERA
CDO was recognized as pueblo or town on ?Governed by ______ responsible for implementing colonial policies.
1818- gobernadorcillos
Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. This transfer marked the end of Spanish rule but left Filipinos expecting independence
under a new colonial power.
Treaty of Paris (1898), 20 million dollars
late 19th century they advocated for independence from Spanish rule. local leaders..
Apolinar Velez and Nicolas Capistrano
The city fell under harsh Japanese rule.
o Colonel ______ ______, an American officer, led guerrilla forces in Mindanao.
o Local groups actively resisted, contributing to liberation efforts.
Wendell Fertig
Catholic traditions, festivals, and architecture (e.g., churches like San Agustin).
spanish influence
Public education, modern governance systems, and infrastructure.
american contribution
Local resistance against American forces.
Reason: Filipino forces sought to maintain independence from foreign rule.
Key Figure: General Nicolas Capistrano led the defense efforts in the region.
battle of cagayan de misamis
he led the defense efforts in the region. during amrican colonial period
General Nicolas Capistrano
year? Establishment of a civil government
o Replaced the military rule by the Americans, bringing a democratic form of governance.
o Reason: To stabilize the region and promote American-style governance after the end of
the Philippine-American War.
o Governor: William Howard Taft oversaw the transition in the Philippines.
1901
The creation of a formal system for governance under American control.
To establish a system of laws and governmental functions following the defeat
of Filipino forces in the Philippine-American War.
1902 phil organic act
_______ teach English and modern education.
Thomasites
The Americans sought to spread education and democratic values across the
Philippines.Aimed at establishing _____ _____ and improving literacy rates among Filipinos.
primary education
Focus on ________ and combating diseases like cholera and smallpox.
o Reason: To improve
sanitation
Legal and Judicial reforms:
The establishment of a ______ ______ _____ under American law.
o Reason: To replace the Spanish legal system and introduce a more efficient system of
governance.
modern legal system
The American period laid the foundation for _____ _____, ______ and
infrastructure.
modern governance, education
location served as a historical fortress in
Cagayan de Oro
himologan
What does local history focus on?
The past of a specific community, region, or area
historical name for Cagayan de
Oro
kalambagohan
The establishment of the Sultanate of Tagoloan is
credited to which leader?
B) Sharief Alawi
- The earliest human remains found in Cagayan de
Oro date back to around which year?
B) 350-377 AD
- The spread of Islam in the Cagayan de Oro area
was led by whom?
Sharief Alawi
How did pre-colonial communities sometimes
resolve disputes?
Trial by Ordeal
. The term “______” is used interchangeably
with “Himologan” to refer to an ancient settlement
site.
Huluga
- How did the introduction of American civic
organizations
B. By instilling loyalty to American ideals through
structured activities
- The resilience of guerilla movements during
the Japanese occupation demonstrated what
underlying strength in Filipino society?
B. A deeply rooted sense of nationalism and
community cooperation
Lt. _____ _____ was a key leader during the Battle of
Makahambus Hill, which was one of the rare
Filipino victories against American forces.
Cruz Taal
_____ _____ played a significant role during the
American Era as a local leader bridging
governance between Filipinos and Americans.
Apolinar Velez
- The main pre-colonial settlement of Cagayan de
Oro was located approximately how far from the
present-day city center?
8km
How did pre-colonial communities sometimes
resolve disputes?
trial by ordeal
- Which export crop introduced by the Spanish
most effectively integrated Cagayan de Oro into
the global economy?
coffee
