group 2. part2

Question 1

Effective in improving health, education, and economic activity, but concerns exist about dependency and the need for long-term solutions.
Challenges in targeting beneficiaries: Efficient targeting remains difficult due to technological, privacy, and ethical issues.

Answer 1

Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Programs

Question 2

Access to basic infrastructure such as water, sanitation, and transportation can significantly reduce poverty.
Challenges: Implementation issues include lack of resources, opposition to change, and communication problems

Answer 2

Infrastructure Development

Question 3

Initiatives like the Pambansang Pabahay para sa Pilipino (4P) aim to address housing shortages for the poor.

Answer 3

Housing Programs

Question 4

Programs like the _____ _____ _____ (TES) help make education accessible to low-income students.

Answer 4

Tertiary Education Subsidy

Question 5

The abuse of public power for private gain.
Involves bribery, dishonesty, fraud, etc..
Significant obstacle to good governance.

Answer 5

Corruption

Question 6

Perceived to be one of the most corrupt countries (115 out of 180).

Answer 6

Philippines

Question 7

Local nobility were coerced into enforcing colonial policies, diminishing their prestige.

Answer 7

(encomienda system)

Question 8

Highly profited monopoly controlled by Spain. Officials and traders would bribe others to gain profit.

Answer 8

Galleon Trade monopoly

Question 9

(encomienda system) & Galleon Trade monopoly

Answer 9

spanish colonial period

Question 10

Accountability mechanisms like ______ were often ineffective, leading to unchecked corruption.

Answer 10

residencia

Question 11

allowed Americans to exploit the Philippines natural resources.

Answer 11

Bell trade act
Parity rights

Question 12

Political connections were used to secure jobs for special favors which allowed corrupt officers to abuse their position without being held accountable.

Answer 12

“Padrino System”

Question 13

Officials within the bank granted loans to politically connected individuals and businesses without sufficient oversight

Answer 13

Philippine National Bank (PNB) case

Question 14

Ferdinand Marcos Sr. was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for the “greatest robbery of a government” (________ embezzled).

Answer 14

($5–10 billion)

Question 15

Ferdinand Marcos Sr. was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for the “greatest robbery of a government” ($5–10 billion embezzled).
Records appeared in earlier editions of Guinness. Year?

Answer 15

(1980s–1990s).

Question 16

Guinness later removed the entry due to its policy of requiring updated, independently verified data. What record and who?

Answer 16

Ferdinand Marcos Sr. was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for the “greatest robbery of a government” ($5–10 billion embezzled).

Question 17

Misappropriation of public funds for supposedly “local development projects”
₱ 10 million was lost

Answer 17

Pork-barrel scandal

Question 18

Approve ______ (vaccine for dengue) for commercial use.
net lost ₱ 1.9 billion

Answer 18

Dengvaxia controversy

Question 19

Mismanagement of funds that was for the health insurance of Filipinos
Lost ₱ 15 billion

Answer 19

Philhealth-scandal

Question 20

______ trillion in debt as of February 2024.

Answer 20

15.18

Question 21

Measures how corrupt each countries public sectors are according to businesspeople and experts.

Answer 21

Corruption Perception Index (C.P.I)

Question 22

Perceived level of public sector corruption (_____ means clean)

Answer 22

100

Question 23

Politicians who use their power and influence to create connections to other people. It may leverage their influence to secure deals, contracts, or favors in exchange for personal or financial gain.

In the Philippines, this can be seen in cases where politicians facilitate business deals or allocate government resources to those who contribute to their campaigns or support their political agendas.

Answer 23

Influence Market Corruption

Question 24

Powerful elites form networks to protect their political and economic advantages.
(business owners, political figures, or both)
collude to control critical sectors of the economy and maintain their political influence.

This leads to monopolies or oligopolies that prevent free competition, thereby maintaining the status quo of wealth and power among the ruling class.
In the Philippines, this can be observed between influential business families and political dynasties, which shape economic policies and political decisions in their favor.

Answer 24

Elite Cartel Corruption

Question 25

Political leaders or economic moguls who use their positions to amass significant personal wealth and power.
These individuals, often with few constraints from the state or competitors, may exploit government regulations, public projects, or resources to their advantage.
In the Philippines, examples include high-ranking government officials using their power to secure lucrative government contracts for their own benefit or for their families and associates

Answer 25

Official Mogul Corruption

Question 26

Political and economic power is concentrated in the hands of a few influential families.
This leads to entrenched political dynasties and a lack of accountability, as families and clans use their political influence to maintain power and wealth.

Answer 26

Oligarch and Clan Corruption

Question 27

Limits the economy needed to improve the country (economic development and improving public services).
A decrease of trust from Filipino citizens
Weak institutions
Increases inequalities

Answer 27

Impacts of Corruption

Question 28

Prevents and penalizes officials that commit undue injury to another party, embezzlement/fraud, and neglecting matters before them for personal gain.
rep act?

Answer 28

Republic Act No. 3019 - Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act

Question 29

Penalize public officials that accumulate ill-gotten wealth of at least 50 million pesos. Severe penalties can include life imprisonment
rep act?

Answer 29

Republic Act No. 7080 - Anti-Plunder Law

Question 30

Code of ethics for public officials and employees that cover aspects such as accountability, required to serve public opinion, provisions on accepting gifts.
rep act?

Answer 30

Republic Act No. 6713 - Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees

Question 31

promote transparency, accountability, and efficiency in government procurement processes.
rep act?

Answer 31

Republic Act No. 9184 - Government Procurement Reform Act

Question 32

Prohibits the giving and receiving of bribes/gifts from public officials that are intended for personal gain and get favorable treatment.

Answer 32

Presidential Decree No. 46

Question 33

Established the office of the ombudsman that is tasked to investigate complaints about public officials/employees

Answer 33

Ombudsman Act of 1989 (Republic Act No. 6770)

Question 34

Created the Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission (PACC) that investigates government agencies when they have allegations of corruption.
eo?

Answer 34

Executive Order No. 43

Question 35

Any property or wealth unlawfully acquired will be taken away by the state.
rep act?

Answer 35

Republic Act No. 1379