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Sports Psychology > Group dynamics > Flashcards

Group dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is group dynamics so important?

A

teamwork is the essence of life (Riley 1993)
team members must interact , work toward shared goals, adopt environmental demands, and balance individual needs with those of other team members (Weinberg and Gould 2015)

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2
Q

what is defined as a group?

A

two or more people that interact with and exert mutual influence on, each other

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3
Q

what is defined as a team?

A

a team is any group of people who must interact with each other to accomplish shared objectives

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4
Q

What are Carrons 4 factors of group stability?

A

status hierarchy (ascribed, achieved)
roles
norms
positions

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5
Q

How would you explain status hierarchy?

A

different situations demand different attributes
those with desirable attributes receive more status
status conflict reduces group stability

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6
Q

what are known as ascribed attributes ?

A

ethnicity, religion, gender

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7
Q

what are known as achieved attribues?

A

skill, education, experience

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8
Q

what are the two different types of roles?

A

formal and informal

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9
Q

what is described as formal roles ?

A

directly established by the group or organisation e.g. captain

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10
Q

what is described as informal roles?

A

evolve as a result of the interactions that take place among group members e.g. comedian, spark-plug

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11
Q

what are a couple more examples of negative and positive informal roles?

A

Positives
spark- plug- inspires the team, ignites them
star player- acknowledged for their contribution to the team
Negative
distractor - distracts from the task at hand

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12
Q

What does carron suggest the relationship between individual roles and team effectiveness ?

A 
role clarity 
role efficacy 
role conflict 
role acceptance 
role performance 
role satisfaction
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13
Q

what is known as norms ?

A

agreed expectations for the behaviour of group members

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14
Q

what does parks know about norms?

A

a normless group would be chaotic

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15
Q

what are some examples of informal norms?

A

language and fashion

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16
Q

what are some examples of formal norms?

A

rules and laws

17
Q

what is defined as positions according to Carron?

A

knowledge and acceptance of positional stability by group members contributes to the development of the group

18
Q

What is known as the Ringelmann effect (Weinberg and Gould,2015 )?

A

individual performance decreases as the number of people in the group increases

19
Q

what is known as social loafing (Weinberg and Gould 2015) ?

A

when individuals in a group or team put in less than 100% effort

20
Q

Who developed the ringlemeann effect and social loafing?

A

Weinberg and Gould 2015

21
Q

what is known as group cohesion according to Carron?

A

a process which is reflected in the tendency of a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives

22
Q

what are the two different types of cohesion and who proposed it?

A

Cotterill 2013

task and social orientation

23
Q

what would you describe as task orientation?

A

a general orientation towards achieving the group objectives e.g. winning matches

24
Q

what would you describe as social orientation?

A

a general orientation towards developing and maintaining social relationships and activities

25
Q

what is apart of the dimension of cohesion in sport according to Carron?

A

individual attractions to the group task
individual attractions to the group (social) group attractions (task)
group attractions (social)

26
Q

what are the predictors of cohesion?

A

environmental factors
leadership factors
team factors
personal factors

27
Q

what are some outcomes of cohesion?

A 
Group: 
team stability 
performance 
effectiveness (absolute and relative) 
Individual: 
behavioural outcomes 
satisfaction 
performance 
effectiveness
28
Q

What are three examples of measuring team cohesion?

A

sport cohesion questionnaire (Martens and Peterson)
Team cohesion questionnaire (Gruber and Gray)
the group environment questionnaire (Widmeyer)

29
Q

What is the relationship between cohesion and performance? according to Launders, Wilkinson

A

strong relationship and cohesion and performance

found a significant cohesion- performance relationship

Sports Psychology (4 decks)

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