group display in humans

Question 1

what are group displays ?

Answer 1

aggressive group displays emerged among our ancestors due to the fact that they increased their fitness in some way.

Question 2

what is xenophobia ?

Answer 2

a fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners.

Question 3

what did wilson claim ?

Answer 3

xenophobia has been documented in virtually every group of animals displaying higher forms of social organisation. Natural selection has favoured the genes that causes humans to be altruistic towards members of their own group.

Question 4

support for xenophobia ?

Answer 4

MacDonald - suggests that from an evolutionary perspective it is adaptive to exaggerate negative stereotypes about outsiders as the overperception of threat is less costly than its underperception.

-Foldesi (1996) found that violent displays among a small core of Hungarian football crowds led to an increase in violent and racist (against gypsies, Jews and Russians) outbursts by spectators.

Question 5

against xenophobia ?

Answer 5

football violence may not be an act of naturally selected xenophobia, but more an organised behaviour by hooligans to gain peer acceptance and a sense of personal worth (Marsh, 1978).

Question 6

IDA ?

Answer 6

real world application = the power of xenophobia to invoke violence has motivated football clubs to take steps to minimise it’s influence.
gender bias -