Group Development and Leadership

Question 1

Define group development? (source?)

Answer 1

The degree of maturity and cohesion a group achieves over time as members interact, learn about one another and structure relationships and roles within the group (Mennecke, Hoffer and Wynne, 1992)

Question 2

What are the 4 stages in Tuckmann’s (1965) model of group development?

Answer 2

Forming: becoming familiar with one another and the task and how best to approach it
Storming: Tension and intragroup conflict. Emotional response to task
Norming: Group cohesion develops, roles established. Cooperation and communication used to accomplish task
Performing: Roles and relationships established. Focused on problem solving

Question 3

What stage was later added to the model and by who?

Answer 3

Adjourning: Member interaction decreases, task is completed.

Tuckmann and Jensen, 1977

Question 4

How can group roles be categorised?

Answer 4

Task - contribution to goal achievement
Social - enhance harmony and cohesion
Formal - Prescribed
Informal - Evolve through member interaction

Question 5

What is meant by group norms?

Answer 5

The behaviour expectations of the whole group

Question 6

Who came up with Role Theory?

Answer 6

Kahn (1964)

Question 7

What factors contribute to team effectiveness according to Kahn’s (1964) Role Theory?

Answer 7

Role ambiguity, role conflict, role efficacy, role acceptance, role performance, role satisfaction

Question 8

Define leadership. (source?)

Answer 8

The behavioural process of influencing individuals and groups towards set goals (Barrow, 1977)

Question 9

Who came up with the Multidimensional Model of Leadership (antecedents/characteristics –> behaviour –> consequences/performance) ?

Answer 9

Chelladurai, 1984

Question 10

What questionnaire is used to measure leadership and who came up with it?

Answer 10

Leadership Scale for Sport

Chelladurai and Saleh (1978)

Question 11

What 5 areas does the LSS cover?

Answer 11

1. Training and instruction
2. Democratic behaviour
3. Autocratic behaviour
4. Social support
5. Positive feedback

Question 12

Research has shown that coaches differ to peer leaders in what ways? (source)

Answer 12

Coaches - more autocratic, training and instruction
Peer leader - more social support, democratic, positive feedback
(Loughead and Hardy, 2005)

Question 13

What did Andrew’s (2009) paper find regarding leadership styles?

Answer 13

Congruency between training and instruction and autocratic behaviour led to more satisfaction in tennis players

Question 14

Does gender of the coach significantly affect preference for social support behaviour? Says whom?

Answer 14

Yes
Riemer and Toon (2001)
Tennis players with a male coach significantly preferred social support behaviour BUT no male athlete had a female coach which may have influenced results

Question 15

Which sort of cohesion is leadership (and coach-athlete relationship) a stronger predictor of, according to Jowett and Chaundy (2004)?

Answer 15

Task cohesion (R-sq. = 0.34)
rather than social cohesion (R-sq. = 0.15)

Question 16

Who found that the coach-athlete relationship was the mediating variable in the leadership behaviour - cohesion relationship?

Answer 16

Jowett and Chaundy (2004)

Question 17

What factors can enhance cohesion?

Answer 17

Improve role clarity and acceptance (through meeting to reinforce role responbilities)
Conformity to group norms (through behavioural code of conduct)
Good leadership (through democratic style)

Carron and Eys, (2012); Prapavessis et al. (1996)