Group 7: Protein Metabolism Flashcards
the process by which peptide bonds are broken under acidic conditions at high temperatures, generating free amino acid residues.
Protein Hydrolysis
a proteolytic enzyme found in the small intestine; hydrolyze peptide bonds.
Trypsin
Total supply of free amino acids available for use in the human body.
Amino Acid Pool
The repetitive process in which proteins are degraded and resynthesized within the human body
protein turnover
Is the state that results when the amount of nitrogen taken into the human body is equals to the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body in waste materials.
Nitrogen Balance
Indicates that large amount of tissues are being synthesized, such as during growth, pregnancy and convalescence from emaciating illness.
Positive Nitrogen Balance
Accompanies a state of tissue wasting due to protein-poor diets, starvation and wasting illnesses.
Negative Nitrogen Balance
The transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus.
Transcription
Takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein.
Translation
When the ribosomes attach at a specific site of the mRNA. The ribosome starts matching tRNA anticodon sequences to the mRNA codon sequence.
Initiation
When a translating ribosome encounters one of the three universally conserved stop codons UAA, UAG or UGA.
Termination
An amino acid that has a carbon-containing degradation product that can be used to produce glucose via gluconogenesis.
GlucogenicAmino Acids
An amino acid that has a carbon-containing degradation product that can be used to produce ketone bodies.
Ketogenic Amino Acids
is a biochemical reaction that involves the interchange of the amino group of an a-amino acid with the keto group of an a-keto acid
Transamination Reaction
are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
Amino acids
