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CHEM 221: Biochemistry > Group 11: Carbohydrate Metabolism > Flashcards

Group 11: Carbohydrate Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

A metabolic pathway in which the breakdown of a glucose molecule into 2 pyruvate and ATP

A

Glycolysis

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2
Q

Glycolysis is a ________ process.

A

Catabolic

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3
Q

What are the 6 metabolic pathways.

A
  1. Glycogenesis
  2. Glycolysis
  3. Gluconeogenesis
  4. Glycogenolysis
  5. Kreb’s Cycle
  6. Hexose Monophosphate Shunt
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4
Q

A metabolic pathway in which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate materials.

A

Gluconeogenesis

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5
Q

A metabolic pathway in which glycogen is synthesized from glucose-6 phosphate

A

Glycogenesis

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6
Q

A metabolic pathway by which glucose-6 phosphate is produced from glycogen.

A

Glycogenolysis

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7
Q

Kreb’s Cycle is also known as

A
  1. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
  2. Citric Acid Cycle
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8
Q

What is the goal of Carbohydrate Metabolism

A

To produce Glucose

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9
Q

The use of glucagon in the body for converting glycogen to glucose. (Catabolism or Anabolism)

A

Catabolism

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10
Q

The enzyme sucrase is active in:

a. Intestinal mucosal cells
b. Mouth
c. Stomach
d. small intestine

A

Intestinal mucosal cells

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11
Q

Hydrolysis reactions converting polysaccharides to disaccharides occurs in:

A

Small intestine

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12
Q

The net amount of ATP molecules produced during Kreb’s Cycle

A

26 ATP molecules

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13
Q

Which hormone promotes the uptake and use of glucose by cells?

A

Insulin

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14
Q

Which of the following pairs of hormones increases blood-glucose levels?

a. glucagon only
b. insulin & glucagon
c. glucagon & epinephrine
d. adrenaline

A

c. glucagon and epinephrine

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15
Q

When one glucose molecule is processed through the glycolysis pathway, relative to ATP production/consumption, there is a…

A

net gain of 2 ATP

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16
Q

The overall process of glycolysis converts a molecule into

A

2 molecules

17
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?

A

2 ATP molecules

18
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced during glycogenolysis?

A

2 ATP molecules

19
Q

How many ATP molecules are spent during gluconeogenesis?

A

6 ATP molecules

20
Q

How many ATP molecules are spent during glycogenesis

A

2 ATP molecules

21
Q

What happens to excess glucose during absorption?

A

It is anabolized into glycogen

22
Q

Hydrolysis reactions converting polysaccharides to disaccharides occur.

a. Intestinal Mucosal Cells
b. Stomach
c. Small Intestine
d. Mouth

A

b. Small Intestine

23
Q

The first site where carbohydrate digestion occurs.

a. Intestinal Mucosal Cells
b. Stomach
c. Small Intestine
d. Mouth

A

d. Mouth

24
Q

The site where polysaccharides are converted into monosaccharides via hydrolysis.

a. Intestinal Mucosal Cells
b. Stomach
c. Small Intestine
d. Mouth

A

a. Intestinal Mucosal Cells

25
Q

Pancreatic enzymes are active.

a. Intestinal Mucosal Cells
b. Stomach
c. Small Intestine
d. Mouth

A

c. Small intestine

26
Q

Monosaccharides enter the blood stream.

a. Intestinal Mucosal Cells
b. Stomach
c. Small Intestine
d. Intestinal lining

A

d. Intestinal lining

27
Q

The primary site of carbohydrate digestion is located here.

a. Intestinal Mucosal Cells
b. Stomach
c. Small Intestine
d. Mouth

A

c. Small intestine

28
Q

These are the fates of pyruvate excluding:

a. Acetyl CoA
b. Ethanol
c. Phosphorylation
d. Lactate

A

c. Phosphorylation

29
Q

The first phosphorylation of ADP occurs.

a. Step 5
b. Step 7
c. Step 8
d. Step 10

A

b. Step 7

30
Q

The first “energy-rich” compound is produced.

a. Step 9
b. Step 6
c. Step 7
d. Step 2

A

b. Step 6

31
Q

The second “energy-rich” compound undergoes reaction.

a. Step 2
b. Step 6
c. Step 7
d. Step 10

A

d. Step 10

32
Q

The first isomerization reaction occurs.

a. Step 2
b. Step 5
c. Step 6
d. Step 10

A

d. Step 2

33
Q

The second formation of ATP occurs.

a. Step 4
b. Step 6
c. Step 9
d. Step 10

A

d. Step 10

34
Q

The second “energy-rich” compound undergoes reaction.

a. Step 2
b. Step 6
c. Step 7
d. Step 9

A

d. Step 9

35
Q

A dehydration reaction occurs.

a. Step 9
b. Step 6
c. Step 7
d. Step 10

A

a. Step 10

36
Q

During glycogenolysis, what enzyme effects the removal of an end glucose unit from a glycogen molecule as glucose 1-phosphate.

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

37
Q

During glycogenolysis, what enzyme catalyzes the isomerization process whereby the phosphate group of glucose 1-phosphate is moved to the carbon 6 position.

A

Phosphoglucomutase

CHEM 221: Biochemistry (4 decks)

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