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CE 14 REPORTS > GROUP 7 - AGGREGATES > Flashcards

GROUP 7 - AGGREGATES Flashcards

1
Q

Science has divided rocks into three categories. What are these?

A

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks

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2
Q

The very primary form of a rock formation is
from streams of magma that erupted from
volcanoes.

A

Igneous Rocks

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3
Q

These rocks are always formed from
the eroding of different pure mineral rocks.

A

Sedimentary Rocks

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4
Q

Means “change in the form or nature”
They are usually igneous or sedimentary
rocks that have changed their properties
greatly

A

Metamorphic Rocks

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5
Q

Natural solid masses or
aggregates of minerals
classified based on mineral
composition, texture, and
other physical features.

A

Stones

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6
Q

Sand is a granular substance
that occurs naturally and is
made up of finely split rock and
mineral particles.

A

Sand

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7
Q

WHY IS THERE A NEED TO KNOW CONSTITUENTS IN
AGGREGATES?

A
  • Aggregate materials help to make concrete mixes more compact.
  • Decrease the consumption of cement and water and contribute to the mechanical strength of the concrete.
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8
Q

Plutonic Rocks

medium- to coarse grained, light colored rock characterized
by the presence of potassium feldspar with lesser amounts of plagioclase feldspars and quartz.

A

Granite

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9
Q

Plutonic Rocks

syenite is a medium - to
coarse-grained, light colored rock
composed essentially of alkali feldspars,
namely microcline, orthoclase, or albite.

A

Syenite

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10
Q

EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

volcanic or extrusive
rocks are fine-grained equivalents of the coarse-and-medium-grained plutonic rocks. Equivalent types have similar chemical compositions and may contain the same minerals

A

Volcanic Rock

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11
Q

EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

fine-grained extrusive
equivalent of gabbro and diabase.

A

Basalt

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12
Q

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Conglomerates, Sandstones, and Quartzites

Gray to greenish gray sandstones containing
angular quartz and feldspar grains

A

Graywackes and subgraywackes

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13
Q

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Carbonate Rocks

The most widespread of carbonate rocks.

A

Limestone

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13
Q

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Conglomerates, Sandstones, and Quartzites

Coarse-grained sandstone
derived from granite, containing
conspicuous amounts of feldspar

A

Arkose

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14
Q

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

A recrystallized medium to coarse-grained carbonate rock
composed of calcite or dolomite, or calcite and dolomite

A

Marble

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15
Q

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

A granular rock consisting essentially of recrystallized quartz

A

Metaquartzite

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16
Q

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

A fine-grained metamorphic rock that is distinctly laminated and tends to split into thin parallel layers

A

Slate

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17
Q

CONSTITUENTS OF ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATE

The agglomerated residue from combustion of coal or coke
in an industrial furnace.

A

Cinders

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18
Q

CONSTITUENTS OF ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATE

The nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace

A

Blast-furnace slag

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19
Q

The process by which a liquid is drawn into and tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body

A

Absorption

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20
Q

A material other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement that is used as an ingredient

A

Admixtures

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21
Q

Granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementing medium to form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar

A

Aggregate

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22
Q

The mass of a unit volume of bulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes the volume of the individual particles and the volume of the voids between the particles)

A

Bulk Density

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23
Q

A particle of aggregate for which the ratio of the length to width of its circumscribing rectangular prism is greater than a specified value

A

Elongated Piece (of aggregate)

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24
Q

A particle of aggregate for which the ratio of the width to thickness of its circumscribing rectangular prism is greater than a specified value

A

Flat Piece (of aggregate)

25
Q

An index of the fineness of the aggregate. The higher the FM, the coarser the aggregate. Fineness Modulus of fine aggregate is useful in estimating proportions of fine and coarse aggregate in concrete mixtures

A

Fineness Modulus

26
Q

Finely divided residue that results from the process of combustion of ground or powdered coal and that is transported by flue gases

A

Fly Ash

27
Q

A cementitious mixture, with or without aggregate or admixtures, that is used primarily to fill voids

A

Grout

28
Q

In specifications for aggregate, the smallest sieve opening through which the entire amount of aggregate is required to pass.

A

Maximum size, n—of aggregate

29
Q

The smallest sieve size through which the major portion of aggregate must pass (90%-100%)

A

Nominal maximum size of an aggregate

30
Q

Coarse aggregate resulting from natural disintegration and abrasion of rock or processing of weakly bound conglomerate

A

Gravel

31
Q

Fine aggregate resulting from natural disintegration and abrasion of rock or processing of completely friable sandstone

A

Sand

32
Q

Refer to irregular and granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone, and are used for making concrete.

Retained on no. 4 sieve

A

Coarse Aggregates

33
Q

Essentially any natural sand particles won from the land through the mining process.

Passing the no. 4 sieve

A

Fine Aggregates

34
Q

Used for foundations and concretes and in products made of reinforced concrete and in road construction.

A

Gravel Aggregates

35
Q

Granular loose material that acts as a skeleton or filling in
concrete.

A

Sand Aggregates

35
Q

Granular loose material that acts as a skeleton or filling in
concrete.

A

Sand Aggregates

36
Q

What are the two sources of aggregates?

A

Underwater Sources and Land Sources

37
Q

METHODS OF EXTRACTION AND
PROCESSING OF AGGREGATES

Process of removing rock, sand, gravel, or other minerals from the ground in order to use them to produce materials for construction or other uses

A

Quarrying

38
Q

Moving large amounts of sand, gravel, rock, dirt, and other raw materials to job sites and construction areas.

A

Hauling

39
Q

The said materials are Crushed and Ground by the primary
jaw crusher, secondary and tertiary cone crushers.

Allows us to purify and to homogenize the blends in accordance with the requirements set by sieve analysis.

The sand and gravel undergo further complementary
processing such as washing.

A

Crushing / Screening / Washing

40
Q

The aggregates are stored in separate areas to avoid mixing
and produce pollution.

A

Stockpiling

41
Q

The finished products are delivered where the construction site is located from the aggregate crushing plan

A

Delivery

42
Q

CAN WE USE DESERT AND SEA SAND IN CONSTRUCTION?

A

Desert sand grains are finer and smoother. If their grain size is too small, the slurry slip and the concrete would have poor strength.

Sea sand also tends to be very fine and rounded. Chloride is present which will cause corrosion of steel and iron, so the structure built using this may not be sustainable. Salt in sea
sand tends to absorb moisture from the atmosphere, bringing dampness

Sea and desert sand do not have high compressive strength, high tensile strength etc. So it cannot be used in construction activities.

43
Q

Uses of Aggregate in Concrete

A

To provide a rigid structure.
To reduce the shrinkage and cracking

44
Q

Uses of Aggregate in Roads

A

Stabilized using cementitious materials
Stabilized with bituminous materials

45
Q

Uses of Aggregate in Railway Ballast

A

Stabilized using cementitious materials
Stabilized with bituminous materials

46
Q

MISCELLANEOUS USES OF AGGREAGATES

A

Various sizes of stone are used for riprap to protect natural
or man-made earthwork.

47
Q

Micro-Deval Test

A

An abrasion loss test carried out on fine or coarse aggregate samples that are
partially submerged in water.

48
Q

Sulfate Soundness Test

A

A cyclical test that evaluates aggregates for durability and resistance to
degradation from freeze-thaw cycles.

49
Q

Durability Index Test

A

An abrasion loss test that looks specifically at the production of clay-like fines
as an aggregate sample degrades. These fines are known to be detrimental
to asphalt mixtures

50
Q

Accelerated Polishing Test

A

Simulates the action of car and truck tires on the coarse aggregates used in
asphalt pavement mixtures.

51
Q

This abrasion test is a
common test method used to indicate
aggregate toughness and abrasion
characteristics.

A

Los Angeles (L.A.) Abrasion test

52
Q

The volume of aggregate may
include solid matter, plus pores in the particles, plus voids

A

Bulk volume of aggregate

53
Q

The volume may include solid
matter, plus pores in the particles but not voids

A

Saturated, surface-dry volume

54
Q

The volume may include solid matter only, not
pores or voids

A

Solid volume

55
Q

The weight may include solid matter, plus enough water to fill the pores, plus free water on the particle surface The weight may include solid matter, plus enough water to fill the pores

A

Wet weight

56
Q

The weight may include solid matter, plus enough water to fill the pores

A

Saturated, surface-dry weight

57
Q

The weight may include solid matter only

A

Oven-dry weight

58
Q

WHAT IS DELETERIOUS MATERIALS?

A

THEY ARE HARMFUL OR INJURIOUS SUBSTANCES(COATINGS) FOUND IN THE SURFACE OF THE AGGREGATE

59
Q

IMPACTS OF EACH TYPES ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE

SALT PARTICLES
ORGANIC IMPURITIES
CLAY LUMPS AND OTHER FRIABLE PARTICLES
LIGNITE AND COAL

A

ABSORB MOISTURE AND CAUSE EFFLORESENCE

INTERFERE WITH THE PROCESS OF HYDRATION OF CEMENT

WEAKENS BOND STRENGTH BETWEEN AGGREGATE AND CEMENT PASTE

RESULT STRAINING ON CONCRETE; CAUSE POPOUTS; AIR ENTRAPMENT

CE 14 REPORTS (4 decks)

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