Group 2 Flashcards
define habituation
paying less and less attention after being accustomed to a stimuli
define dishabituation
a change in the familiar stimulus prompts to start noticing the stimulus again
2 factors that influence habituation
- internal variation of the stimulus
- subjective arousal
define arousal
a degree of physiological excitement, responsiveness, and readiness for action, relative to a baseline
define sensory adaptation
lessening of attention to a stimulus that is not subject to conscious control and occurs directly in the sense organs, not in the brain
differences between sensory adaptation and habituation
sensory adaptation
- not accessible to conscious control
- tied closely to stimulus intensity
- unrelated to the number, length, and recency of prior exposures
habituation
- accessible to conscious control
- not tied closely to stimulus intensity
- related to the number, length, and recency of prior exposures
automatic processes vs controlled processes
automatic
- no conscious control
- performed without conscious awareness
- termed parallel processes
- consume few attentional resources
- unintentional
controlled
- accessible to conscious control
- performed serially
- require little or no intention or effort
define automatization / proceduralization
many tasks that start off as controlled eventually became automatic through practice
define instance theory
automatization occurs because we gradually accumulate knowledge about specific responses to specific stimuli
define practice effect
any change or improvement that results from practice or repetition of tasks items / activities
define mistakes
errors in choosing an objective or in specifying a means of achieving it
define slips
errors in carrying out an intended means for reaching an objective
types of error
- capture errors
- omissions
- perseverations
- description errors
- data-driven errors
- associative-activation errors
- loss-of-activation errors
define omissions
an interruption of a routine activity may cause us to skip a step or two in implementing the remaining portion of the routine
define associative-activation errors
strong associations may trigger the wrong automatic routine
define loss-of-activation errors
activation of a routine may be insufficient to carry it through to completion
define consciousness
a mental state one is aware of being in
define preconscious
information that is currently outside of our conscious awareness still may be available to consciousness or at least to cognitive processes
define priming
technique in which the introduction of a stimulus influences how people respond to a subsequent stimulus
define tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
trying to remember something that is stored in memory but is not currently available to be restored
