Group 1 Flashcards
Riddle and Haffner 1999
- 15 ESU within a well studied cactus mouse
- traditional concept of species failed to delineate monophyletic set of population
Groom & Palmer 2012
- 2 pilot projects, china and Mozambique of REDD
- Mozambique: N’hambita Community Carbon Project promotes agroforestry project. Financial benefit to the farmers may be limited but potentially create off-farm employment
- Pro REDD
Winkel 2012
- Connecting Foucault and forests
- Review paper of Foucaltalian criticisms/papers of environmental governance
- Common motivation: how the so-called mainstream knowledge is created
Berglund 2001
- Finnish Forest War
- Conflict between two powers (Forestry and Conservation) using the same science to fight against each other
- Example of science as a discursive strategy
Balmford &Cowling 2006
- 10 challenges of conservation
- Better monitoring and communicating the changing state of nature
- Assessing and improving the success of conservation interventions
Moyle 2003
- Unexpected consequence of oversimplification in CITES principles
- E.g. New Zealand blindly proposed to list all the kiwi species on Appendix I thought trades are not the main cause to the vulnerability
- E.g. Australian parrots sales legal domestically but internationally banned by CITESàthe price skyrocketed in the black market and created incentives to capture/smuggle them
Khanna and Harford 1996
- CITES Critiques
- Trends in African elephant population vary depending on the country
- Countries with stable populations were against banning
- Countries with declining populations and income from tourism wanted banning
- In Zimbabwe, illegal killing of elephants increased by ten-folds after a total ban in 1990 within a year
- International regulations should be supplemented by incentives
Gomez-Boggethun et al. 2010
- Different values of ecosystem services
- Intrinsic value (economic): use value
- Intrinsic value (biophysical): non-use value
- Subjective value: exchange value
Hall 1952
- Values don’t exist intrinsically
- Values are independent from facts
Salamon 2002
-Tools of governance: regulations, grants, taxes and loans
Goldstein et al. 2012
- Gap between ecological and financial values when ecosystem services fail to be part of the market
- Incorporating ES values to Land-use Planning
- E.g. Kamehameha schools in Hawaii
- Seven scenarios
- Tradeoffs between environment and financial benefits
- Tradeoffs between carbon storage and water quality
Costanza et al. 1997
-Willingness to pay
Benton et al. 2003
- Heterogeneous landscapes and biodiversity
- Spacial variability acts as a buffer to temporal variability
Dutton et al. 2008
- Modeling farmers’ willingness to practice agroforestry
- Integrate social and ecological modelling to predict outcomes
- > 70% of species overlapping in forest and agroforest
Bhagwat et al. 2005
- Quality of matrix is important of habitat islands existing within the matrix
- Sacred sites
Rodda 1999
- Guam’s tree snakes
- 1/3 of mammals, 50% of reptiles and 90% of birds (decline or extinction?)
Doughty et al. 2010
- Climate change and extinction of mammas
- Albedo
Moyle 2003
- CITES criticized for its simplicity
- Differentiating regulation level among member states does not change the demand but provide cheaper routes for smugglers (e.g. Ivory)
- E.g. New Zealand government’s proposal to list all the kiwi species in Appendix I in 1994 (kiwis are threatened by exotic predictors, not trades)
- E.g. Australian parrot trade: domestically legal, internationally illegal. Prices skyrocketed in the international market and created additional demand that didn’t exist in the domestic market
Kunin 1998
- Two plant species in England
- Land occupancy change as focal scale changes
cf. Whittaker lecture 4
Joppa and Pfaff 2009
- GIS analysis of existing PA locations
- Layered PA locations, elevation, slope, and distance from major roads
- Higher, steeper and far areas from roads: tend to be protected
- PA protect already remote areas
Dudley et al. 2008
-Explain IUCN PA categories
Boitani et al. 2008
- Criticized IUCN PA categories for being goal-based
- Suggested changing the focus from why protected to what to be protected
Riddle and Haffner 1999
- 15 ESU within a well studied cactus mouse
- traditional concept of species failed to delineate monophyletic set of population
