GROUP 1 Flashcards
What are varicose veins and how are they treated?
Varicose veins are protruding, tortuous veins often caused by prolonged standing, obesity, or pregnancy. Treatments include elastic stockings, walking, elevation, sclerotherapy, surgical vein removal, and laser therapy.
What is the nursing care for venous insufficiency?
Nursing care involves wearing thigh-high stockings, elevating the legs above the heart, avoiding prolonged sitting/standing or crossing legs, walking daily, and avoiding restrictive clothing.
What is superficial thrombophlebitis?
It is the inflammation of a superficial vein, characterized by erythema, warmth, swelling, and pain over the affected area.
What treatments are available for a pulmonary embolism (PE)?
Treatments include anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin), bed rest, and surgery if needed. Monitoring and adjustment of medication dosages are important.
What are the risk factors and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism (PE)?
Risk factors include venous stasis, estrogen therapy, and fractures. Symptoms include chest pain, tachycardia, dyspnea, coughing up blood, and sudden shortness of breath.
What are the treatment options for DVT?
Treatment involves compression stockings, bed rest, elevation of the extremity, warm soaks, avoiding massage or ROM on the affected extremity, and monitoring for changes.
What are the signs and symptoms of DVT?
Symptoms include calf or groin tenderness, unilateral leg swelling, warmth, redness, induration along the blood vessel, and a positive Homan’s sign.
What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
DVT is a blood clot in the deep veins, often in the upper or lower extremities, caused by stasis or hypercoagulability. It can lead to an embolus if untreated.
What are the clinical manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency?
Symptoms include reddish-blue discoloration, muscle cramps, pain during ambulation, dilated superficial veins, mild ankle swelling, and stasis dermatitis.
How does peripheral arterial disease (PAD) compare to peripheral venous disease (PVD) in terms of pain and pulses?
PAD is associated with claudication, numbness, and absent pulses, while PVD presents with a feeling of fullness, pain with prolonged standing, and full pulses.
How is Raynaud’s phenomenon treated?
Treatment includes calcium channel blockers, adrenergic blockers, sympathectomy, avoiding cold exposure, smoking cessation, and avoiding drugs that increase vasospasm.
What is Raynaud’s phenomenon?
Raynaud’s phenomenon is a vasospasm affecting the hands and feet, more common in women and aggravated by cold or stress. It presents with blanching, cyanosis, numbness, throbbing pain, and is associated with connective tissue disorders.
What are the clinical manifestations of Buerger’s disease?
Symptoms include claudication of the foot arch, hands, or lower limbs, rest pain, increased sensitivity to cold, numbness, diminished distal pulses, cool extremities, ulcers, and gangrene.
