ground air pollution

Question 1

what is the role of O3 in the tropo

Answer 1

the source of OH which will oxidize toxic compounds like CO, NO and SO2

Question 2

good vs bad O3

Answer 2

good O3 is commonly i the strato as serves as a protector form UV rad

bad O3 is in the troposphere bc at high [] it can be toxic and a GHG

Question 3

whats are the ipacts of the phytochemical O3 production in the tropo

Answer 3

they produce toxic (and less volitile) compounds which can accumulate and are harmful humans
the formation of HNO3 (via NO2 + OH) = acid rain
O3 is. GHG

Question 4

what is photo chemical smog

Answer 4

a strong layer of O3 in the wrong place which is proceed via the reaction between an O* and O2 in the tropo. this is from the combustion of No in fuel in the presence of VOC which will react to with NO2 without breaking down O3 in the process. This allows for the build up of O3

note with NO rxn it will consume O3:

NO2 + uv-> NO + O
O + O2–> O3
NO+ O3 –> NO2 + O2

where as VOC:

RH + OH –> R + H2O (GHG)
R+O2–> RO2
RO2 +NO–> RO +NO2 (allowing for more O3)
NO2 + OH –> HNO3 (no break down of O3)

Question 5

what are the chemicals produced by photochemical smog

Question 6

primary vs secidary pollutanta

Answer 6

primary: VOCs , NO or NO2
secondary: O3, HNO3, oxidized organic compounds

Question 7

what are the harmful effects of smog

Answer 7

worsening of asthma or lung issues
swollen irritate airways
irritation to eye nose and throat
coughing
headaches
permanent lung damage from chronic exposure

Question 8

3 ways to improve air quailty

Answer 8

limiting VOC and NOx emmisions to reduce the formation of ground lvl O3
2 way catalytic converters
3 way catalytic converter

Question 9

how is O3 maintly produced

Answer 9

via photolysis of O2 in the strato.

note there is not enough UV energy to do this in the tropo, it can only be transported from the strato

Question 10

is O3 produced in the tropo

Answer 10

via NO2 rxn with UVa.

NO2 + UVa–> NO and O*
O* + O2–> O3

or when volitile organic carbon coumpodns rxn wih OH

VOC + OH–> VOC radical +O2– VOC-O

Question 11

re are VOC soruced from

Answer 11

liquid fuels, solvents and org compunds

Question 12

where are NO sourced from

Answer 12

internal combustion, power plnts, indrusty

Question 13

where i photochem smog most prevalent

Answer 13

in warmer, dry cities with lots of motor vehicles, though it an issue for all cities

Question 14

what is a 2 way catalytic converter

Answer 14

2 way complete the conversion of CO to Co2 using a PD catalyst