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IKK - Anatomy Exam 3 > Gross - Upper Limb > Flashcards

Gross - Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

The arm spans from ___ to ___

A

glenohumeral joint to elbow joint

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2
Q

The forearm spans from ___ to ___

A

elbow to wrist

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3
Q

The shoulder is __ and ___

A

pectoral girdle and proximal portion of the humerus

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4
Q

Why does the upper limb have such a high range of motion?

A

because of mobility of the scapula

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5
Q

Why is the scapula so mobile?

What benefit does this have?

A

scapula so mobile because only has one bony attachment - acromioclavicular joint (acromion of scpaula + clavicle)

this is beneficial for wide range of motion in upper limb

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6
Q

What are the 4 joints of the upper limb?

A

acromioclavicular joint (shoulder movement)

glenohumeral joint (arm movement)

elbow joint (forearm movement)

wrist joint (hand movement)

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7
Q

The glenohumeral joint allows movement around ___ axes (how many?)

A

3

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8
Q

The glenohumeral joint allows for what movements?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, internal rotation (medial rotation) and external rotation (lateral rotation)

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9
Q

internal rotation aka ___

external rotation aka ___

A

internal rotation = medial rotation

external rotation = lateral rotation

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10
Q

Elbow joint allows what for movement?

A

flexion and extension of the forearm

pronation and supination

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11
Q

Describe pronation in terms of flipping the lateral or medial bones over each other

A

pronation is flipping the lateral bone over the medial bone

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12
Q

Wrist joint allows for what movement?

A

Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, circumduction

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13
Q

What are transition zones within the upper limb?

A

areas around joints

axilla, cubital fossa and carpal tunnel

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14
Q

Cutaneous nerves of the upper limb are located in ____

A

superficial fascia

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15
Q

Are cutaneous nerves of the upper limb visible through skin?

A

no

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16
Q

Cutaneous nerves of the upper limb are branches of the ____

A

brachial pelxus deep to fascia

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17
Q

Cutaneous nerves of the upper limb are anterior rami of cervical spinal nn ____

A

C5-C8 and T1

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18
Q

How are cutaneous nerves of the upper limb distributed?

A

segmentally due to dermatone organization

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19
Q

How do you test dermatones of the cutaneous nerves of the upper limb?

A

in certain areas

C5= upper lateral arm
C6= palmar pad of thumb
C7= index finger pad
C8= pinky finger pad
TI= median elbow joint
T2- axial region
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20
Q

Superficial veins of the upper limb are located in ____

A

superficial fascia

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21
Q

Are superficial veins of the upper limb visible through skin?

A

yes

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22
Q

Superficial veins of the upper limb, in general, are tributaries to ____

A

deep veins beneath deep fascia

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23
Q

What are the 4 superficial veins of the upper limb?

A

cephalic vein
basilic vein
median cubital vein
dorsal venous arch

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24
Q

Cephalic vein drains ____

A

posterior/lateral upper limb

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25
Q

What drains the posterior / lateral upper limb?

A

cephalic vein

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26
Q

Which superficial vein of the upper limb runs through the deltopectoral groove?

A

cephalic vein

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27
Q

What structure does the cephalic vein run through?

A

deltopectoral groove

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28
Q

What is the deltopectoral groove between? What structure runs along it?

A

between pectoral major m and deltoid m

cephalic vein runs along it

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29
Q

Cephalic vein pierces ____

A

deep fascia near/in the axillary region

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30
Q

Cephalic vein is a tributary to ___

A

axillary vein

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31
Q

Basilic vein drains _____

A

drains anterior / medial aspect of upper limb

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32
Q

Which superficial vein drains anterior / medial aspect of upper limb?

A

basilic vein

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33
Q

Basilic vein pierces ___

A

deep fascia in mid range of the arm

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34
Q

Basilic vein is a tributary to ___

A

axillary vein

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35
Q

Median Cubital vein connects ____

A

basilic vein and cephalic vein

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36
Q

Which superficial vein of the upper limb connects basilic vein and cephalic vein?

A

median cubital vein

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37
Q

Where is the median cubital vein located?

A

in the cubital fossa (anterior elbow)

38
Q

Which superficial vein of the upper limb is called the “IV Vein”? Why?

A

Median cubital vein

Because it’s a common site for venipuncture, intravenous injections (anesthesia, fluid, phlebotomy, blood draw, etc)

39
Q

If the median cubital vein is too scarred, what is the next best place for intravenous injections/venipuncture?

A

dorsal venous arch of hand

40
Q

Dorsal venous arch of hand drains ___

A

superficial dorsal veins of hand

41
Q

Dorsal venous arch of hand arches across ____

A

dorsal surface of the hand VERY SUPERFICIALLY

42
Q

Dorsal venous arch of the hand is a tributary to ___

A

cephalic vein and basilic vein

43
Q

Cephalic vein and basilic vein “start” at the ____

A

dorsal venous arch of the hand

44
Q

If severely dehydrated, all veins are collapsed… which superficial vein of the upper limb can you still find for venipuncture? Why?

A

dorsal venous arch of the hand

because it is SO superficial

45
Q

Deep fascia of the arm aka ____

A

brachial fascia

46
Q

Deep fascia of the arm is connected to the humerus via 2 ____

A

fascial septa

47
Q

Fascial septa connect ___ to ____

A

deep fascia to humerus

48
Q

What are the names of the 2 fascial septa in the arm?

A

lateral intermuscular septa

medial intermuscular septa

49
Q

What structures divide the arm into anterior and posterior compartments?

A

lateral intermuscular septa and medial intermuscular septa

the 2 fascial septa

50
Q

What is compartmental syndrome?

A

increased compression of structures in a component (due to chronic swelling)

this affects available circulation to components

51
Q

Anterior compartment of the arm general action is ___

A

flexion

of arm, shoulder, forearm, elbow

52
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis

53
Q

What is the action for biceps brachii?

A

flexes and supinates forearm

flexes arm (a little)

54
Q

Biceps brachii has __ heads. Name them. Describe them.

A

2 heads

long head = long tendon that goes through glenohumeral joint

short head = short tendon with longer muscle belly

55
Q

Describe where coracobrachialis is in relation to biceps brachii?

A

coracobrachialis is medial to biceps brachii

56
Q

What is coracobrachialis main action?

A

primary flexor of the arm

57
Q

What is the neurovasculature of biceps brachii?

A

musculocutaneous n

brachial vv

58
Q

Wha tis the neurovasculature for coracobrachialis?

A

musculocutaneous n

brachial vv

59
Q

Where is brachialis m in relation to biceps brachii?

A

brachialis m is deep to biceps brachii

60
Q

What is the main action of brachialis m?

A

flexor or forearm

61
Q

What is the neurovasculature of brachialis m?

A

musculocutaneous n and radial n (half and half)

brachial v

62
Q

What is the muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

triceps brachii m

63
Q

Triceps brachii has ___ heads. Name them adn describe them.

A

3 heads.

long, lateral and medial

medial is beneath long and lateral

64
Q

What is the primary action of triceps brachii?

A

extensor of elbow and forearm

65
Q

What is the bicipital aponeurosis?

Where is it located and why?

A

bicipital aponeurosis is an extra CT layer that attaches to the tendon of biceps brachii

it protects the neurovasculature that runs through the cubital fossa

66
Q

Why is the elbow joint a complex joint?

A

it has 3 separate articulations

67
Q

Describe the distal radial-ulnar joint

A

articulation joint with head of ulna, ulnar notch of radius

it has a fibrous articular disc to separate this joint from the wrist

68
Q

Describe the interosseous membrane

A

thin, fibrous sheet that connnects the medial/lateral aspects of the ulna and radius

holds them together but still allows for supination and pronation

69
Q

What are the holes in the interosseous membrane named?

What are they there for?

A

distal aperture and proximal aperture

present for neurovasculature to be able to get between anterior and posterior compartment

70
Q

In anatomical position: are we supinated or pronated?

A

supinated

71
Q

How are the ulna and radius moving during pronation?

A

lateral radius is crossing over the medial ulna

72
Q

Do the ulna and radius become closer together during pronation/supation?

A

No.

they stay the same distance apart, they just cross over each other

73
Q

How do major structures cross from arm to anterior compartment of forearm?

A

all major structures cross through cubital fossa

EXCEPT ulnar nerve (passes posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus)

74
Q

How do major structures cross from anterior compartment of forearm to wrist?

A

all major structures of anterior compartment of forearm cross through carpel tunnel

EXCEPT radial artery (passes through dorsally around wrist to enter hand posteriorly)

75
Q

The brachial fascia (deep fascia) of the arm continues in the forearm as the ____

A

antebrachial fascia (deep fascia)

76
Q

Does the forearm have fascial septa?

A

yes.

lateral intermuscular septum (between radius and deep fascia)

SMALL medial intermuscular septum (between ulna and deep fascia)

77
Q

Why is the medial intermuscular septum so small in the forearm?

A

because the ulnar is so close to the antebracihal (deep) fascia

78
Q

What are the layers of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

How many muscles in each layer?

A

superficial - 4 muscles

intermediate - 1 muscle

deep - 3 muscles

79
Q

What is the primary action of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

wrist movement, flexion of didigts/thum, pronation

80
Q

What is the neurovasculature for the anterior compartment musculature?

A

median and ulnar nerve (C6,7,8, TI)

deep brachial arteru (profunda brachii)

81
Q

How many layer are there in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

How many muscles per layer?

A

Superficial - 7 muscles

Deep - 5 muscles

82
Q

What is the primary movement for the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

wrist movement

extension of digits and thumb

supination

83
Q

What is the neurovasculature for the posterior compartment of the forearm musculature?

A

radial nerve (C5/6/7/8)

84
Q

Mucolocuntaneous nerve pierces ____

A

coracobrachialis m

85
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve comntinues past corachobrachialis m between ____ and ____

A

biceps brachii and brachialis m

86
Q

What does musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

all of corticobrachialis

all of biceps brachii

medial part of brachialis

87
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve emerges between biceps brachii and brachialis m as ____ to supply what?

A

lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

to supply lateral forearm

88
Q

Median nerve runs down the _____

A

medial aspect of the arm

89
Q

The median nerve crosses the ____ and enters the ___

A

crosses the median side of the arm and enters the cubital fossa

90
Q

The median nerve runs between ____ in the forearm

A

the superficial an deep muscles of the anterior forearm

91
Q

What supplies most of the anterior forearm?

A

MEDIAN NERVE

92
Q

Median nerve runs ___ carpal tunnel to supply ___

A

runs under carpal tunnel to supply the lateral hand via palmar branches

IKK - Anatomy Exam 3 (11 decks)

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