Gross Motor Dev COPY

Question 1

Family Centered Care

Answer 1

prioritizing the family’s concerns/goals/objectives

Question 2

Family as a System

Answer 2

family should be viewed as a “group of individuals with interrelated occupations.” Thus, when one person’s role changes everyone else is impacted.

Question 3

Principles of Family-Centered Practice

Answer 3

Respect/accept family diversity
Flexibility
Accessibility
Encourage partnerships/collaboration

Question 4

Development of Coordinated Movement

Answer 4

extension, flexion, lateral flexion, rotation

There is lots of overlap….so do not think of development occurring in a rigid strict pattern

Question 5

Righting reactions-

Answer 5

the basis upon which equilibrium reactions develop. Righting reactions contribute to balance and help keep the head upright.
Develop around 4 months

Question 6

Protective reactions

Answer 6

these protect the infant from a fall rather than correct it (like righting or equilibrium reactions)
Develop between 6-9 months

Question 7

Equilibrium reactions

Answer 7

develop between 7-21 months—these reactions help children maintain their center of gravity over their base of support.
These reactions are critical for transitional movements patterns and ambulation

Question 8

Every movement involves a ____

Answer 8

weight shift.

YOUR HANDLING AND TREATMENT MUST INCORPORATE MOVEMENT….weight shift!!!

Question 9

Newborn Gross Motor Development

Answer 9

Mus Move
physiological flx in all positions
Total body movements

Bal
Neck righting

Reflx
Primary standing and auto walking
Grasp, suck-swallow, Moro/ startle and rooting reflexes

Question 10

One Month GMD

Answer 10

Mus Move
ext begin to become facilitated
reduction in physiological flex
momentary clearance of face from mat surface 
UE still add, flexed but less retracted

Bal
No change

Rflfx
decrease in some of the primary primative reflexes

Question 11

Two Month GMD

Answer 11

Mus Move
physiological flex is less, more ext 
Pelvis is more flat on mat
Attempt to help with sit
Lifts head in prone to 45 degree 
Elbows  just behind shoulders

Bal
Weight shifted to middle abdomen

Rflx
Beginning eye-hand development
ATNR with arm to side

Func Post
Spends more time in supine

Question 12

Three Month GMD

Answer 12

Mus Move
Arms come to midline in supine and over upper abdomen area and maybe to mouth
Frogged leg position in supine
Less head lag when pulled to sit
Prone elbows are parallel to shoulders but not necessarily under shoulders.
Arms taking more weight in prone
Head up at more 60-90 degree

No change bal

Rflx
Looses automatic walking
Less ATNR

Question 13

Four Month GMD

Answer 13

Mus Move
flex and ext at the neck coming in and working together
Hands to tummy and to knees
Feet might touch each other
Actively assists pull to sit, holds head in alignment
Sit forward flexion over hips

No change bal/reflx

Func post
In supine lots of hand to hand play, hands with toy over chest and to mouth

Question 14

Five Month GMD

Answer 14

Mus Move
Extended arm weight bearing; reach on elbows
Rolling prone to supine
May sit leaning forward at hips, prop

Bal
Lateral weight shift
Body righting on head reaction
Equilibrium reactions in prone starting

No chnge func post

Question 15

Six Month GMD

Answer 15

Mus Move
Good head control in all positions
Roll supine to prone-initiated with flexion
Bears weight on LEs in standing

Bal
UE protective ext
Prone equilibrium reax; starting in supine

Postion
Ind sit

Question 16

Seven Month GMD

Answer 16

Mus Move
Increased trunk control
Prone to 4 point or hands/feet-rocking
4 point-sit
Trunk rotation in sitting
May pull to stand

Bal
Equilibrium-prone/supine; starting in sit

Postion
Prone-preferred position-pivot, belly crawl
Content in sidelying

Question 17

Eight Month GMD

Answer 17

Mus Move
More hip add./ knee ext. in sit; more rot
Kneeling/kneel to stand; assymetrical LE positioning
Relies more on LE’s to maintain stand
Cruises sideways-abd./add. LE’s
Steppage gait when walking with hands held

Bal
Equilibrium reax in sitting; starting 4 point
Good sideways protective extension

Position
Sitting most functional position

Question 18

Nine Month GMD

Answer 18

Mus Move
Uses trunk control in sitting as a basis to develop finer manipulation skills
Various LE positions-may see “W” sit
Quick less obvious transitions
Kneels with more active hip extension
Kneel to stand through ½ kneel
Cruises semiturned
Cannot lower self to floor

Rflx
Backwards protective extension

Question 19

Ten Month GMD

Answer 19

Mus Move
Unilateral activity-may see mirroring
Increased kneeling, ½ kneeling, cruising in direction going
Lowers self from standing

Bal
Better gait with support; More primitive gait w/o
More primitive gross motor balancing skills/sitting to allow for fine manipulation

Question 20

Eleven Month GMD

Answer 20

Mus Move
Varied sitting positions
Uses trunk rot well
Lots of  transitions
May play in ½ kneeling
Stands thru active LE extension
Kneel to ½ kneel to squat to stand
Lowers self assymetrically

Bal
When cruising, reaches for furniture
May stand alone; high guard position; may fall

Question 21

Twelve Month GMD

Answer 21

Mus Move
Rising by use of LEs
Weight shift while standing
Moves quickly during initial walking
As trunk control increases, no longer needs scapular retraction

Bal
Arms hang at side and eventually swing
Righting/equilibrium reax well integrated in all positions except standing

Question 22

Second Year GMD

Answer 22

Refinement in walking
Walk sideways and backwards
Lots of motor planning; uneven surfaces
Gets up to stand from middle of floor
Increased hip stability- squatting in play, stoops and recovers, kicking