Gross Motor Dev Flashcards
Family Centered Care
prioritizing the family’s concerns/goals/objectives
Family as a System
family should be viewed as a “group of individuals with interrelated occupations.” Thus, when one person’s role changes everyone else is impacted.
Principles of Family-Centered Practice
Respect/accept family diversity
Flexibility
Accessibility
Encourage partnerships/collaboration
Development of Coordinated Movement
extension, flexion, lateral flexion, rotation
There is lots of overlap….so do not think of development occurring in a rigid strict pattern
Righting reactions-
the basis upon which equilibrium reactions develop. Righting reactions contribute to balance and help keep the head upright.
Develop around 4 months
Protective reactions
these protect the infant from a fall rather than correct it (like righting or equilibrium reactions)
Develop between 6-9 months
Equilibrium reactions
develop between 7-21 months—these reactions help children maintain their center of gravity over their base of support.
These reactions are critical for transitional movements patterns and ambulation
Every movement involves a ____
weight shift.
YOUR HANDLING AND TREATMENT MUST INCORPORATE MOVEMENT….weight shift!!!
Newborn Gross Motor Development
Mus Move
physiological flx in all positions
Total body movements
Bal
Neck righting
Reflx
Primary standing and auto walking
Grasp, suck-swallow, Moro/ startle and rooting reflexes
One Month GMD
Mus Move ext begin to become facilitated reduction in physiological flex momentary clearance of face from mat surface UE still add, flexed but less retracted
Bal
No change
Rflfx
decrease in some of the primary primative reflexes
Two Month GMD
Mus Move physiological flex is less, more ext Pelvis is more flat on mat Attempt to help with sit Lifts head in prone to 45 degree Elbows just behind shoulders
Bal
Weight shifted to middle abdomen
Rflx
Beginning eye-hand development
ATNR with arm to side
Func Post
Spends more time in supine
Three Month GMD
Mus Move
Arms come to midline in supine and over upper abdomen area and maybe to mouth
Frogged leg position in supine
Less head lag when pulled to sit
Prone elbows are parallel to shoulders but not necessarily under shoulders.
Arms taking more weight in prone
Head up at more 60-90 degree
No change bal
Rflx
Looses automatic walking
Less ATNR
Four Month GMD
Mus Move
flex and ext at the neck coming in and working together
Hands to tummy and to knees
Feet might touch each other
Actively assists pull to sit, holds head in alignment
Sit forward flexion over hips
No change bal/reflx
Func post
In supine lots of hand to hand play, hands with toy over chest and to mouth
Five Month GMD
Mus Move
Extended arm weight bearing; reach on elbows
Rolling prone to supine
May sit leaning forward at hips, prop
Bal
Lateral weight shift
Body righting on head reaction
Equilibrium reactions in prone starting
No chnge func post
Six Month GMD
Mus Move
Good head control in all positions
Roll supine to prone-initiated with flexion
Bears weight on LEs in standing
Bal
UE protective ext
Prone equilibrium reax; starting in supine
Postion
Ind sit
Seven Month GMD
Mus Move Increased trunk control Prone to 4 point or hands/feet-rocking 4 point-sit Trunk rotation in sitting May pull to stand
Bal
Equilibrium-prone/supine; starting in sit
Postion
Prone-preferred position-pivot, belly crawl
Content in sidelying
Eight Month GMD
Mus Move
More hip add./ knee ext. in sit; more rot
Kneeling/kneel to stand; assymetrical LE positioning
Relies more on LE’s to maintain stand
Cruises sideways-abd./add. LE’s
Steppage gait when walking with hands held
Bal
Equilibrium reax in sitting; starting 4 point
Good sideways protective extension
Position
Sitting most functional position
Nine Month GMD
Mus Move Uses trunk control in sitting as a basis to develop finer manipulation skills Various LE positions-may see “W” sit Quick less obvious transitions Kneels with more active hip extension Kneel to stand through ½ kneel Cruises semiturned Cannot lower self to floor
Rflx
Backwards protective extension
Ten Month GMD
Mus Move
Unilateral activity-may see mirroring
Increased kneeling, ½ kneeling, cruising in direction going
Lowers self from standing
Bal
Better gait with support; More primitive gait w/o
More primitive gross motor balancing skills/sitting to allow for fine manipulation
Eleven Month GMD
Mus Move Varied sitting positions Uses trunk rot well Lots of transitions May play in ½ kneeling Stands thru active LE extension Kneel to ½ kneel to squat to stand Lowers self assymetrically
Bal
When cruising, reaches for furniture
May stand alone; high guard position; may fall
Twelve Month GMD
Mus Move Rising by use of LEs Weight shift while standing Moves quickly during initial walking As trunk control increases, no longer needs scapular retraction
Bal
Arms hang at side and eventually swing
Righting/equilibrium reax well integrated in all positions except standing
Second Year GMD
Refinement in walking Walk sideways and backwards Lots of motor planning; uneven surfaces Gets up to stand from middle of floor Increased hip stability- squatting in play, stoops and recovers, kicking
