Gross Anatomy of the Urinary Sytem

Question 1

What makes up the urinary system?

Answer 1

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 2

What is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 2

Removes metabolic waste from blood via filtration and excretion

Regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure

Helps stabilise pH

Reabsorption of small molecules

Produces erythropoietin (a stimulant of RBC production by bone marrow)

Question 3

Where are the Kidneys found ?

Answer 3

T12-L3

Right kidney are slightly lower than left kidney

Question 4

Where are the three sites of ureter constriction?

Answer 4

Where ureter passes over inferior renal pole (abdominal part)

Where ureter crosses over external iliac (pelvic part)

Where ureter transverses the bladder wall (intramural part)

Question 5

What does the renal hilum contain?

Answer 5

Vein, artery, pelvis

Question 6

Where do renal veins drain?

Answer 6

IVC

Question 7

Where do renal arteries originate?

Answer 7

Abdominal Aorta

Question 8

What lymph nodes drain the kidney?

Answer 8

Lateral aortic lymph nodes

Question 9

What nerves innervate the kidney?

Answer 9

Renal plexus T10-L1 (SYMPATHETIC), T11-L2 (SENSORY AFFERENT)

Question 10

Where does the median umbilical ligament originate from?

Answer 10

Embryonic Urachus

Question 11

Where do the two medial umbilical folds of the urinary bladder originate from?

Answer 11

Occluded umbilical artery

Question 12

Where do the two lateral folds of the urinary bladder originate from?

Answer 12

Inferior epigastric vessels

Question 13

Which nerve constricts the detrusor muscle during micturition?

Answer 13

Parasympathetic Pudendal Nerve

Question 14

Which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?

Answer 14

Sympathetic Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

Question 15

Which is the narrowest part of the urethra in male?

Answer 15

Membranous part

Question 16

Which vertebral level does the transpyloric plane pass through?

Answer 16

L1

Question 17

What makes up the nephron?

Answer 17

Renal Corpuscles and Renal Tubules

Question 18

What makes up the renal corpuscles ?

Answer 18

Glomerulus and bowmens capsules

Question 19

What makes up the urineferous tubule?

Answer 19

Nephron and collecting duct

Question 20

What is the function of the nephron?

Answer 20

Returns purified blood to the renal veins

Question 21

Why are sites of ureter constriction clinically significant?

Answer 21

They are common sites for kidney stones

Question 22

What is the function of the papilla within the kidneys?

Answer 22

To transport urine to minor calyx via collecting ducts

Question 23

What happens to the bladder during a uterine prolapse?

Answer 23

Since uterus is connected to bladder, when it prolapses, the posterior wall of the bladder is pulled down

Question 24

What surface of the bladder is peritonised?

Answer 24

The superior surface

Question 25

Why is the pouch of Douglas clinically significant?

Answer 25

It is a common site of infection - to test site, insert needle through vaginal wall and send off collection for cytological testing

Question 26

What does the prostatic part of the urethra contain?

Answer 26

The vas deferens

Question 27

What is protein in urine indicative of?

Answer 27

Kidney failure

Question 28

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 28

Maintains homeostasis by blood filtration

Question 29

What is the function of the ureter?

Answer 29

Carries urine to bladder

Question 30

What is the function of the bladder

Answer 30

To store urine

Question 31

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 31

Allows urine to pass out of the body

Question 32

What are the four layers of the kidney?

Answer 32

Fibrous renal capsule, fatty renal capsule, renal fascia and pararenal fatty tissue

Question 33

What other GI structures come into contact with the right kidney?

Answer 33

Suprarenal gland, liver, duodenum, ascending colon, jejunum

Question 34

What other GI structures come into contact with the left kidney?

Answer 34

Suprarenal gland, stomach, spleen, pancreas, jejunum, descending colon

Question 35

Where does abdominal aorta branch into renal arteries?

Answer 35

L1/2

Question 36

Where do ureters enter the bladder?

Answer 36

Fundus of bladder

Question 37

Where does urethra exit the bladder?

Answer 37

Neck of bladder

Question 38

What kind of epithelium makes up the urinary bladder?

Answer 38

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

Question 39

What is the advantage of having transitional epithelium lining the bladder?

Answer 39

It allows the organ to stretch depending on the fluid volume