Gross anatomy of the heart

Question 1

describe the rotation of the heart

Answer 1

left hear: rotated posteriorly

right heart: rotated anteriorly

Question 2

describe the location of the heart

Answer 2

left and right: 1 cm lateral to the sternum
located in the inferior mediastinum - medial part

left: 2nd costal artery to the 5th intercostal space, down the MCL
right: 3rd costal cartilage to the 6th costal cartilage

Question 3

3 layers of the heart

Answer 3

endocardium: endothelial cells, the innermost layer of the heart
myocardium: thickest layer: myocytes
epicardium aka visceral pericardium: mesothelial cells, serous membrane

Question 4

what are the 2 major component of the pericardium

Answer 4

serous and fibrous

Question 5

connection of the fibrous pericardium

Answer 5

anterior to the posterior of sternum
inferior to the anterior of the diaphragm
lateral to the pleura

Question 6

what is unique to the right ventrical

Answer 6

modulator bands (septomarginal trabecular): connects the AV bundle straight from septum to anterior papillary muscle

Question 7

the groups of papillary muscles in the L and R ventricle and their role

Answer 7

right: septal, anterior and posterior
left: anterior and posterior

anchors the cordae tendinae, prevents the valves from inverting when contract

Question 8

3 roles of the cardiac skeleton

what is cardiac skeleton

Answer 8

they are fibrous tissue dense connective tissue

1. seperates the atria and ventricles
2. provides point of insertion of the AV bundle
   3 electrical insulator
   = structural integrity

Question 9

cardiac skeletons around the valves what are their names

Answer 9

1. pulmonary ring
2. aortic ring
3. left fibrous ring (around mitrial valves)
4. right fibrous ring (around tricuspid valves)

valves are an entension of the skeleton

Question 10

what is the role of the conus tendon

Answer 10

to prevent aorta and pulmonary trunk from being torn apart due to opposing ejaculate force

Question 11

is the membranous interventricular septum a part of the cardiac skeleton

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

what is the different shape of the auricles

Answer 12

Left: smaller, ear shaped
Right: larger: cone shaped

Question 13

where is the aorta in relation to the pulmonary trunk

Answer 13

poseterior to the right of the pulmonary trunk

Question 14

what is the role of the trabeculae carnea

Answer 14

to prevent the inner surface of the ventricles from adhering when contracting

Question 15

what is the 2 parts of the RIGHT atria and what seperates it

Answer 15

divider: crista terminalis
1. atrium proper: anterior atria, rough surface due to pectinate muscles

2. sinus venarum: smooth posterior part of the atria