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perio, exam 1 > gross anatomy of the gingiva > Flashcards

gross anatomy of the gingiva Flashcards

1
Q

periodontium

A

tissues investing adn supporting the tooth, comprised of gingiva, PDL, aveolar bone and root cementum

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2
Q

marginal gingiva

A

free gingiva = unattached gingiva

  • from base of sulcus to gingival margin
  • in health, 1-3mm coronal to CEJ is where gingival margin is
  • includes interdental papilla
  • keratinized
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3
Q

normal, healthy pocket depth (distance from base of sulcus to gingival margin)

A

1-3mm

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4
Q

what is gingival sulcus

A

space between tooth adn marginal gingiva

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5
Q

free gingival groove

A

approximates apical level of marginal gingiva (aka base of sulcus); found in less than half normal gingiva
**no clinical significance at all

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6
Q

what happens when cementum adn enamel do not meet at CEJ

A

gap with exposed dentin; dentinal tubules which run into the pulp are exposed at the CEJ

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7
Q

what 2 things attach to cementum

A

PDL adn gingival connective tissue

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8
Q

where does probe reach stopping point

A
  • at jxnal epithelium, the base of the sulcus
  • epithelium covers the gingival connective tissue
  • sooo it is where the epithelial cells are physically attached to enamel via cellular adhesion
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9
Q

probing depth vs attachment level

A
  • probing depth = depth of actual pocket

- attachment level = where the gingiva attaches (how far the probe is from the CEJ)

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10
Q

what does marginal gingiva follow the shape of?

A

CEJ

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11
Q

attached gingiva

A
  • from base of sulcus to mucogingival junction
  • attached to CT adn bone
  • keratinized
  • stippling
  • width 1-9mm
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12
Q

attached gingiva width

A
  • varies from 1-9mm, increases with age
  • buccal: incisors > canines/molars > PM
  • lingual: molars > incisors
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13
Q

buccal vs lingual–width of attached gingiva

A

bucca: widest at incisors, then canines/molars, least at PM
lingual: widest at molars, least at incisors

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14
Q

stippling

A
  • variable presence, only noteworthy when it disappears (inflammation)
  • signifies health
  • greater on facial than lingual
  • histo: high connective tissue ridges within lamina propria elevate the epithelium into slightly rounded surface protrustions
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15
Q

stippling, histo

A

high CT ridges within lamina propria elevate the epithelium into slightly rounded surface protrusions

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16
Q

can you ever not have attached gingiva?

A

yes, if probe goes all the wya to mucogingival jxn

17
Q

why does width of attached gingiva increase with age

A

growth of alveolar process

  • *1-9mm in adult
  • *buccal: incisors >canine/molar `>PM
  • *lingual: molar > incisor
18
Q

interdental papilla

A
  • part of MARGINAL GINGIVA
  • fills interproximal space (assuming there is contact)
  • variation in shape depending on… tooth position, diastema, degree of tooth eruption, missing teeth, interproximal contact
  • posterior = col (non keratinized ** vulnerable)
  • anterior = pyramid shape
19
Q

papilla, posterior vs anterior

A
  • anterior = pyramidal shape
  • posterior = col; nonkeratinized and susceptible to inflammation/penetration by pathogens
  • col is made by contact of teeth, so if no contact then no col
20
Q

mucogingival junction

A
  • anatomical position where the attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa meet
  • remains relatively stable
  • non-keratinized
  • goes from lighter color (attached) to darker red at MGJ
  • alveolar mucosa will bunch up, so you can tell the edge of that which is MGJ
21
Q

mucogingival fold

A

aka vestibule

where the alveolar mucosa goes up/down and turns to become inside of lip

22
Q

frenum

A
  • muscle adn CT attachment
  • multiple or single
  • attachment can be high or low relative to gingival margin
  • -ALWAYS IN UNATTACHED, ALVEOLAR MUCOSA (even if it goes all the wya to tooth)
23
Q

clinical appearance: 3 C’s

A

color: pink/physio pigmentation in health; red/magenta in inflammation

contour: knife edge in health; enlarged/rolled/
blunted/ cratered in inflammation

consistency: normal, edematous, or fibrotic

24
Q

clinical appearance - size

A

related to total bulk of cellular, intercellular, adn vascular supply

25
Q

clinical appearance - shape

A

governed by contours of proximal tooth surfaces and location and shapes of embasures

26
Q

clinical appearance - contour

A

normal is knife edge; inflammation is enlarged, rolled or rounded with enlarged, blunted or cratered papillae

**papilla does not get blunted if it goes to contact.

27
Q

clinical appearance - position

A

gingival margin should be 2mm coronal to CEJ (except during eruption)
**jxnal epithelium at/near CEJ, and you should have 2-3mm pocket, so gingival margin is 2mm coronal to CEJ in health

28
Q

4 boundaries of gingival sulcus

A
  1. jxnal epithelium
  2. enamel of tooth
  3. sulcular epithelium of unattached gingiva
  4. gingival margin

perio, exam 1 (6 decks)

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