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Neuroendocrine Test Two > Gross Anatomy Brain Dennis T#2 > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Brain Dennis T#2 Flashcards

1
Q

Gray matter

A

areas with cell bodies and dendrietes

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2
Q

Nuclei

A

collection of cell bodies

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3
Q

Cortex

A

Layers of gray matter over cerebral and cerebellar coertices

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4
Q

White matter

A

areas of collection of axons covered with myelin

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5
Q

Other terms for white matter?

A

Fasciculus, funiculus, lemniscus, peduncle and tract

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6
Q

gyrus

A

ridge of cortical tissue

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7
Q

sulcus

A

groove btw gyri

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8
Q

fissure

A

deep sulci

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9
Q

What separates parietal lobe from frontal lobe and temporal?

A

central sulcus and lateral fissure

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10
Q

Primary motor areas are housed in ____.

A

Precentral gyrus

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11
Q

What are the function of the the prefrontal association areas?

A

concerned with emotion, motivation, personality, initiative, judgement, ability to concentrate and social inhibition

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12
Q

What modulates the emotional aspects of behavior in the frontal lobe?

A

Cingulate gyrus

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13
Q

What area of brain is responsible for proprioceptive and tactile information?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex found within the postcentral gyrus

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14
Q

Inferior parietal lobule (usually left) is involved in ___.

A

language comprehension

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15
Q

What are the important parts of the parietal lobe?

A

post central gyrus, posterior paracentral gyrus, and superior and inferior parietal lobes

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16
Q

What is the homunculus?

A

Contralateral half of the body is mapped in each precentral and postcentral gyri in a somatotopic map called a homnculuss. It shows how bodies are represented within the brain. (Nightmarish looking map)

17
Q

What is the temporal lobe composed of?

A

Superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri

18
Q

What is the inferior surface of the temporal lobe made up of?

A

Occipitotemporal fusiform gyrus

19
Q

Temporal lobe is associated with four functions,, what are they?

A
  1. primary auditory cortex, located on the surface of superior temporal gyrus 2. Wernickes area: language comprehension located on posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus on left 3. higher order processing of visual info 4. learning and memory
20
Q

Occipital lobe significance?

A

Contains visual areas, Primary visual cortex is within walls of calcarine sulcus and remainder of lobe is visual association cortex with higher order processing of visual info

21
Q

Describe the Limbic lobe

A

Not a true lobe like others. Covers all lobes except occipital. Includes the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus. Important for processing complex aspects of learning memory and emotion

22
Q

Describe the insular lobe

A

Burried in the lateral sulcus can be seen by prying open lateral sulcus. Can also remove the opercula (frontal parietal and temporal). Circular sulcus outlines the insula and marks its border with operular areas of cortex

23
Q

What is an operculum?

A

Overhangs of brain tissue hiding

24
Q

Posterior column Medial Lemniscus System?

A

Ascending tracts convey ipsilateral proprioceptive tactile and vibratory info from body NOT FACE

25
Q

Spinocerebellar tracts?

A

Ascending tract info relays to cerebellum thalamus and motor cortex to influence efficiency of motor activity

26
Q

Anterolateral System?

A

Ascending tract Relay pain temperature and nondiscriminative touch from body

27
Q

Corticospinal tract?

A

Descending tracts controls voluntary fine movements of muscles

28
Q

Vestibulospinal tract?

A

Descending tract influence motor neurons innervating primarily axial and neck muscles

29
Q

Rubrospinal fibers?

A

Descending tract excite flexor motor neurons and inhibit extensor motor neurons

30
Q

Laminae of spinal cord describe the layers.

A
  • Lamina 1 (marginal zone): thin grey matter covering substantia gelatinosa
  • Lamina II: substantia gelatinosa
  • Laminae III-VI: body of posterior horn
  • Lamina VII: intermediate grey matter including clarke’s nucleus
  • Lamina IX: motor neuron of anterior horn
  • Lamina X: grey matter surrounding central canal
31
Q

Describe the pathway for touching something hot and moving away

A
  1. Primary afferent conveys info from the CNS
  2. Terminates in CNS on second order neurons
  3. Relays info to lower motor neurons to convey info from the CNS to skeletal to cause movement
32
Q

What do second order neurons do

A

Relay a signal from primary afferents to a target in the CNS, can cross midline

33
Q

Third order neurons?

A
34
Q

Motor info is a __ path and sensory info is a ___ path.

A

Descending, Ascending

35
Q

Posterir column meedial lemniscus system?

A

Conveys ipsilateral proprioceptive tactile and vibratory information from the body

Neuroendocrine Test Two (15 decks)

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