Gross anatomy Flashcards
Whereabouts is the primary motor cortex?
On the frontal lobe, just anterior to central sulcus
What is contained in the olfactory sulcus?
olfactory bulb and tract
How can you find the primary motor cortex on a brain?
Look for the upside down omega sign. This is the motor hand areas
- on a midsagittal section, follow the cingulate sulcus passed the genu and body of corpus callosum until you get to the pars marginalis. The central sulcus is just in front of this.
What area is directly anterior to the PMC?
Premotor cortex
Where is the supplementary motor area?
Just anterior to the motor strip on the medial surface
What is the rest of the frontal lobe called (not motor areas)?
Prefrontal cortex
What does the Prefrontal cortex do?
Cognition Goal-directed behaviour Social interactions Intelligence Creativity
What are the two main regions of the PFC called? And what do they do?
Dorsolateral PFC - cognitive functions such as organising and planning. Takes part in basal ganglia loops with the caudate nucleus. Involved in regulation of normal thinking - is abnormally active in OCD patients.
Also contains the frontal eye fields (attention and gaze), so disease her can cause problems with attention and eye movements.
Orbitomedial prefrontal cortex - regulation of behaviour, personality and social conduct. Lesions here can cause patients to be rude, disinhibited and inappropriate.
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex found?
posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe
What is the somatosensory association cortex involved with?
- visuospatial representation of objects
- receives projection from the visual cortex
What is the Occipital (visual) cortex?
- sometimes called the where pathway
- concerned with location and movement of objects (speed/trajectory)
- also important for object interatction (reaching, grasping, rotating)
What is Broca’s area?
- a “motor” language area - involved with the production of speech and language
What is Wernicke’s area?
- a “sensory” language area - involved in the recognition of speech sounds and the understanding of spoken laguage
What is the arcuate fasciculus?
An arc shaped white-matter bundle that begins in the frontal lobe, passes posteriorly and sweeps down into the temporal lobe
- connects the anterior and posterior language areas
What would a patient suffer from if they have a lesion in Broca’s area?
A non-fluent dysphasia - giving effortful, disjointed and slow speech.
They know what to say but cannot get the words out.
