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KMK > Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Trauma causing angle recession tears which fibers, and causes to iris to relocate in which direction?

A

Longitudinal fibers

Iris sinks posteriorly, allowing more visibility of the ciliary body

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2
Q

Horizontal cells synapse with what?

A

Bipolar dendrites and PR axonal terminals in the outer plexiform layer

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3
Q

Amacrine cell processes and ganglion cell dendrites are located in which layer of the retina?

A

Inner plexiform layer

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4
Q

What makes up the suspensory ligament of Lockwood?

A

Sheaths of the inferior rectus and inferior oblique

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5
Q

What does the suspensory ligament of Lockwood do?

A

Supports the globe

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the valve of Hasner?

A

Prevent retrograde movement from the nasal cavity

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7
Q

Which muscel encircles the canaliculi?

A

Horner’s muslce

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8
Q

The lacrimal sac empties into what?

A

The nasolacrimal duct

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9
Q

The nasolacrimal duct ends at what structure?

A

Valve of Hasner

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10
Q

What 3 layers are found in the foveola?

A

RPE
External limiting membrane
Internal limiting membrane

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11
Q

The inferior orbital fissure is located between which two orbital components?

A

Floor

Lateral wall

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12
Q

Which interface contributes the most power to the eye?

A

Air-tear film

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13
Q

What 3 cell junctions can be found between RPE cells?

A

Zonula occludens
Macula adherens
Zonula adherens

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14
Q

A craniopharyngioma is most commonly associated with what VF defect?

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia that is more dense inferiorly

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15
Q

What is a craniopharyngioma?

A

A tumor arising from the pituitary stalk (infundibulum) - typically occuring above the optic chiasm, compressing the superior nasal nerv fibers

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16
Q

A tumor of the maxillary sinus may result in epiphora by exerting pressure on the ___.

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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17
Q

What is the sequence of structures of the conventional trabecular pathway of the anterior chamber?

A 
Posterior TM
Juxtacanalicular cells
Schlemm's canal
Collector channels
Episcleral veins
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18
Q

A patient with a partial absence of the iris in both eyes will likely have what 3 additional findings?

A

PAS
Foveal hypoplasia
Lens subluxation

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19
Q

Aniridia is associated with what type of glaucoma?

A

Angle closure

-PAS is common in aniridia

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20
Q

Aniridia is associated with what additional findings?

A 
PAS
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Foveal hypoplasia
Microcornea
Lens subluxation
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21
Q

Topical PGAs increase aqueous humor outflow through what 3 structures?

A

Ciliary muscle fibers
Anterior ciliary veins
Vortex veins

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22
Q

Aqueous humor that drains through the uveoscleral meshwork passes through what structures?

A 
Ciliary muscle fiber bundles
Suprachoroidal space
Sclera
OR
Drains into ciliary or vortex veins
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23
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Superior rectus

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24
Q

The superior obliques in innervated by which nerve?

A

Trochlear

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25
Q

The lateral rectus is innervated by which nerve?

A

Abducens

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26
Q

The medial rectus is innervated by which nerve?

A

Inferior division of oculomotor

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27
Q

The orbicularis is innervated by which nerve?

A

Facial

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28
Q

The supraorbital, supratrochlear, and angular veins all contribute to the formation of which vein?

A

Superior ophthalmic

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29
Q

The lymphatic vessels of the lateral conj drain into which lymph node?

A

Parotid

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30
Q

Lymphatic vessels of the lateral bulbar conj drain into which lymph node?

A

Parotid

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31
Q

The lymphatic vessels of the medial bulbar and palpebral conj drain into which lymph node?

A

Submandibular

32
Q

Which nerve is responsible for corneal pain?

A

Nasociliary (branch of V1)

33
Q

Most optic tract fibers terminate in which layer of the primary visual cortex?

A

Layer 4

34
Q

Layer 4C alpha receives input from which pathway?

A

Magno

35
Q

Layer 4C beta receives input from which pathway

A

Parvo

36
Q

Poor control of facial expressions due to iatrogenic damage to CN VII may occur as a result of surgery near or on which gland?

A

Parotid gland

37
Q

Which neuroglial cell extends from the ILM through the retina and into the PR layer?

A

Muller cells

38
Q

Contraction of the ciliary muscle results in what?

A

Increase in accommodation

Increase in corneoscleral outflow

39
Q

How does contraction of the ciliary muscle increase corneoscleral outflow?

A

Pulls the scleral spur posteriorly, causing increased pore size in the corneoscleral meshwork

40
Q

Ciliary muscle contraction causes (relaxation, tension) of the lens zonules?

A

Relaxation

41
Q

Starting from the ciliary muscle, how does accommodation occur?

A

Ciliary muscle contraction causes relaxation of lens zonules, which allows the lens to get fatter

42
Q

Decreased tension on the choroid and a posterior shift of he iris-crystalline lens diaphragm occur with (relaxation, contraction) of the ciliary muscle?

A

Relaxation

43
Q

Which of the following ganglia causes vasodilation of the choroidal vessels?

A

Pterygopalatine

44
Q

Parasympathetic fibers traveling through which nerve will cause vasodilation of the choroidal vasculature?

A

CN VII - facial

45
Q

Sympathetic fibers of which ganglion will cause vasoconstriction of the choroidal vessels?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

46
Q

The pigmented ciliary epithelium is joined to the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium by what type of junctions?

A

Gap junctions

47
Q

The orbital fascia provides support to what?

A

Blood vessels within the orbit

48
Q

The orbital fascia serves as a point of attachment for what?

A

Muscles and tendons within the orbit

49
Q

The limbus is supplied blood by what?

A

Anterior ciliary arteries via capillary loops of the con and episcleral vessels

50
Q

The limbus provides nutrients to what?

A

Cornea
Conj
Sclera

51
Q

The limbus can serve as a passageway for what?

A

Aqueous humor drainage

52
Q

A choroidal melanoma is characterized by abnormal proliferation of melanocytes within which layer?

A

Choridal stroma

53
Q

T or F. The lamina cribrosa is a rigid structure that compresses the optic nerve fibers in glaucoma

A

False - it is more pliant

54
Q

What is the primary site of axonal injury in glaucoma?

A

Lamina cribrosa

55
Q

Retinal ganglion cells exit the eye through what?

A

Lamina cribrosa

56
Q

What EOM innervating nerve would not be affected by a space occupying tumor located within the muscle cone?

A

Trochlear nerve

57
Q

Which retinal layer is nourished by capillaries from the central retinal artery, as well as by the choriocapilaris?

A

Outer plexiform layer

58
Q

The inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and ganglion cell layer receive nutrition from what?

A

Retinal vessels

59
Q

T or F. The vessels of the Choriocapillaris anastomose.

A

True

60
Q

Which wall of the orbit is the most susceptible to fractures secondary to blunt trauma?

A

Floor

61
Q

What is the primary blood supply to the iris?

A

Major circle of the iris

62
Q

What forms the major circle of the iris?

A

An anastomosis of the anterior ciliary and long posterior ciliary arteries

63
Q

Where is the minor circle of the iris located?

A

Iris stroma

64
Q

What is the minor circle of the iris?

A

A remnant of embryological development

65
Q

What prevents backflow of tears from the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac into the common canaliculi?

A

The angle of the common canaliculus as it enters the lacrimal sac

66
Q

The crystalline lens zonules are produced from what?

A

Non-pigmented ciliary body epithelium

67
Q

The EOMs primarily receive blood supply from which artery?

A

Ophthalmic

68
Q

T or F: the retinal nerve fiber layer becomes thicker as it approaches the optic nerve head.

A

True

69
Q

Axons of the peripheral retinal ganglion cells are (deeper, superficial) than the fibers in the posterior pole.

A

Deeper

70
Q

The greater wing of the sphenoid forms which part of the orbit?

A

Lateral wall

71
Q

The lesser wing of the spenoid is part of which orbital wall?

A

Roof

72
Q

Where is the iris sphincter located within the iris?

A

Stroma

73
Q

Which 2 parts of the sclera contain elastic fibers?

A

Scleral spur

Lamina cribrosa

74
Q

What is the lamina fusca?

A

An accumulation of melanocytes between the choroid and the sclera

75
Q

Which 2 cell types fine tunes the retinal signal from the PRs to the ganglion cells?

A

Amacrine

Horizontal

76
Q

The scleral spur is attached to which structure that has to do with aqueous outflow?

A

Trabecular meshwork

77
Q

Which nerves run through the cavernous sinus?

A 
III
IV
V1
V2
VI

KMK (8 decks)

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