Gross Anatomy Flashcards
Trauma causing angle recession tears which fibers, and causes to iris to relocate in which direction?
Longitudinal fibers
Iris sinks posteriorly, allowing more visibility of the ciliary body
Horizontal cells synapse with what?
Bipolar dendrites and PR axonal terminals in the outer plexiform layer
Amacrine cell processes and ganglion cell dendrites are located in which layer of the retina?
Inner plexiform layer
What makes up the suspensory ligament of Lockwood?
Sheaths of the inferior rectus and inferior oblique
What does the suspensory ligament of Lockwood do?
Supports the globe
What is the purpose of the valve of Hasner?
Prevent retrograde movement from the nasal cavity
Which muscel encircles the canaliculi?
Horner’s muslce
The lacrimal sac empties into what?
The nasolacrimal duct
The nasolacrimal duct ends at what structure?
Valve of Hasner
What 3 layers are found in the foveola?
RPE
External limiting membrane
Internal limiting membrane
The inferior orbital fissure is located between which two orbital components?
Floor
Lateral wall
Which interface contributes the most power to the eye?
Air-tear film
What 3 cell junctions can be found between RPE cells?
Zonula occludens
Macula adherens
Zonula adherens
A craniopharyngioma is most commonly associated with what VF defect?
Bitemporal hemianopsia that is more dense inferiorly
What is a craniopharyngioma?
A tumor arising from the pituitary stalk (infundibulum) - typically occuring above the optic chiasm, compressing the superior nasal nerv fibers
A tumor of the maxillary sinus may result in epiphora by exerting pressure on the ___.
Nasolacrimal duct
What is the sequence of structures of the conventional trabecular pathway of the anterior chamber?
Posterior TM Juxtacanalicular cells Schlemm's canal Collector channels Episcleral veins
A patient with a partial absence of the iris in both eyes will likely have what 3 additional findings?
PAS
Foveal hypoplasia
Lens subluxation
Aniridia is associated with what type of glaucoma?
Angle closure
-PAS is common in aniridia
Aniridia is associated with what additional findings?
PAS Optic nerve hypoplasia Foveal hypoplasia Microcornea Lens subluxation
Topical PGAs increase aqueous humor outflow through what 3 structures?
Ciliary muscle fibers
Anterior ciliary veins
Vortex veins
Aqueous humor that drains through the uveoscleral meshwork passes through what structures?
Ciliary muscle fiber bundles Suprachoroidal space Sclera OR Drains into ciliary or vortex veins
Which muscle is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve?
Superior rectus
The superior obliques in innervated by which nerve?
Trochlear
The lateral rectus is innervated by which nerve?
Abducens
The medial rectus is innervated by which nerve?
Inferior division of oculomotor
The orbicularis is innervated by which nerve?
Facial
The supraorbital, supratrochlear, and angular veins all contribute to the formation of which vein?
Superior ophthalmic
The lymphatic vessels of the lateral conj drain into which lymph node?
Parotid
Lymphatic vessels of the lateral bulbar conj drain into which lymph node?
Parotid
The lymphatic vessels of the medial bulbar and palpebral conj drain into which lymph node?
Submandibular
Which nerve is responsible for corneal pain?
Nasociliary (branch of V1)
Most optic tract fibers terminate in which layer of the primary visual cortex?
Layer 4
Layer 4C alpha receives input from which pathway?
Magno
Layer 4C beta receives input from which pathway
Parvo
Poor control of facial expressions due to iatrogenic damage to CN VII may occur as a result of surgery near or on which gland?
Parotid gland
Which neuroglial cell extends from the ILM through the retina and into the PR layer?
Muller cells
Contraction of the ciliary muscle results in what?
Increase in accommodation
Increase in corneoscleral outflow
How does contraction of the ciliary muscle increase corneoscleral outflow?
Pulls the scleral spur posteriorly, causing increased pore size in the corneoscleral meshwork
Ciliary muscle contraction causes (relaxation, tension) of the lens zonules?
Relaxation
Starting from the ciliary muscle, how does accommodation occur?
Ciliary muscle contraction causes relaxation of lens zonules, which allows the lens to get fatter
Decreased tension on the choroid and a posterior shift of he iris-crystalline lens diaphragm occur with (relaxation, contraction) of the ciliary muscle?
Relaxation
Which of the following ganglia causes vasodilation of the choroidal vessels?
Pterygopalatine
Parasympathetic fibers traveling through which nerve will cause vasodilation of the choroidal vasculature?
CN VII - facial
Sympathetic fibers of which ganglion will cause vasoconstriction of the choroidal vessels?
Superior cervical ganglion
The pigmented ciliary epithelium is joined to the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium by what type of junctions?
Gap junctions
The orbital fascia provides support to what?
Blood vessels within the orbit
The orbital fascia serves as a point of attachment for what?
Muscles and tendons within the orbit
The limbus is supplied blood by what?
Anterior ciliary arteries via capillary loops of the con and episcleral vessels
The limbus provides nutrients to what?
Cornea
Conj
Sclera
The limbus can serve as a passageway for what?
Aqueous humor drainage
A choroidal melanoma is characterized by abnormal proliferation of melanocytes within which layer?
Choridal stroma
T or F. The lamina cribrosa is a rigid structure that compresses the optic nerve fibers in glaucoma
False - it is more pliant
What is the primary site of axonal injury in glaucoma?
Lamina cribrosa
Retinal ganglion cells exit the eye through what?
Lamina cribrosa
What EOM innervating nerve would not be affected by a space occupying tumor located within the muscle cone?
Trochlear nerve
Which retinal layer is nourished by capillaries from the central retinal artery, as well as by the choriocapilaris?
Outer plexiform layer
The inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and ganglion cell layer receive nutrition from what?
Retinal vessels
T or F. The vessels of the Choriocapillaris anastomose.
True
Which wall of the orbit is the most susceptible to fractures secondary to blunt trauma?
Floor
What is the primary blood supply to the iris?
Major circle of the iris
What forms the major circle of the iris?
An anastomosis of the anterior ciliary and long posterior ciliary arteries
Where is the minor circle of the iris located?
Iris stroma
What is the minor circle of the iris?
A remnant of embryological development
What prevents backflow of tears from the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac into the common canaliculi?
The angle of the common canaliculus as it enters the lacrimal sac
The crystalline lens zonules are produced from what?
Non-pigmented ciliary body epithelium
The EOMs primarily receive blood supply from which artery?
Ophthalmic
T or F: the retinal nerve fiber layer becomes thicker as it approaches the optic nerve head.
True
Axons of the peripheral retinal ganglion cells are (deeper, superficial) than the fibers in the posterior pole.
Deeper
The greater wing of the sphenoid forms which part of the orbit?
Lateral wall
The lesser wing of the spenoid is part of which orbital wall?
Roof
Where is the iris sphincter located within the iris?
Stroma
Which 2 parts of the sclera contain elastic fibers?
Scleral spur
Lamina cribrosa
What is the lamina fusca?
An accumulation of melanocytes between the choroid and the sclera
Which 2 cell types fine tunes the retinal signal from the PRs to the ganglion cells?
Amacrine
Horizontal
The scleral spur is attached to which structure that has to do with aqueous outflow?
Trabecular meshwork
Which nerves run through the cavernous sinus?
III IV V1 V2 VI
