Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DHHD 1 > Gross 1 > Flashcards

Gross 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What heals faster than the rest of the body?

A

Oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is the critical period?

A

The time during which the environment has the greatest impact on the developing embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does the degree of nourishment matter?

A

During fetal development
Pre-eruption and post
Post-eruption of permanent teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does primary tooth development begin?

A

6 weeks at gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the stages of tooth development?

A 
Initiation stage - 6th - 7th week
Bud stage - 8th week 
Cap stage - 9th - 10th week
Bell stage - 11th to 12th week
Apposition stage - varies per tooth
Maturation stage - varies per tooth
Mineralization stage - 12th - 16th week
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which trimester do primary teeth begin to mineralize?

A

Early second trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When are crowns of primary teeth formed?

A

At birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When are crowns of permanent teeth formed?

A

By age 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Saliva

A

plays a critical role later in life in caries prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Presence or lack of ________ can make the difference between high functioning salivary glands and deficient size and function of salivary glands

A

nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Presence or lack of _______ can make the difference between healthy periodontal tissues that are resistant to bacterial invasion and those that form periodontal pockets

A

nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Ca+, P, Mg, and Vitamin D effect?

A

Alveolar bone quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does vitamin C effect?

A

collagen formation of soft tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does malnutrition effect?

A

delayed tooth eruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does protein deficiency effect?

A

Tooth size & eruption sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are considered your macro nutrients?

A

Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is considered your micronutrients?

A
  • Vitamins
    • A
    • B complex
    • C
    • D
    • K
  • Calcium and phosphorus
  • Iron
  • Zinc - trace
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Deficiency in which macromolecule causes crowded and rotated teeth?

A

Protein (pre-eruptive only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Deficiency in which macromolecule causes slow tissue healing and causes degeneration of periodontal connective tissue?

A

Protein (post-eruptive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are complete proteins found?

A

Animal proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why are some proteins deemed incomplete?

A

They have a low quantity of one or more amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is shrimp a healthy protein

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the effects of protein/calorie malnutrition? And is there any human data?
And is there a possible effect on caries?

A
  • Delayed tooth eruption
  • Decreased tooth size
  • Decreased enamel solubility
  • Salivary gland dysfunction
  • Yes human data
  • Yes effect on caries risk
24
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble?

A

Vitamin C

All of the B vitamin complex?

25
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

26
Q

How do fat soluble and water soluble vitamins differ?

A
  • Food sources of vitamins
  • Vitamin stability during cooking
  • Function in the body
  • Absorption and distribution in the body
  • Body’s ability to store the vitamin in tissues for future use
27
Q

What is (RDA)?

A

Recommended dietary allowance

  • amount of a vitamin thought to be needed for good health
28
Q

What does vitamin A do?

Pre-eruptive?
Post-eruptive?

A

Synthesizes epithelial tissues

Pre-eruptive - Assist in formation of salivary glands, enamel, and dentin
Deficiency may contribute to cleft lip palate (folic acid deficiency leads to cleft lip palate)

Post-eruptive - Maintains epithelial tissues and keeps salivary glands working
Deficiency may cause glands to atrophy and keratinize periodontal tissues

29
Q

What will increase enamel hypoplasia, decrease epithelial tissue development, and cause tooth morphogenesis dysfunction?

A

Vitamin A deficiency in pre-eruptive teeth by maternal deficiency

30
Q

Why is Vitamin D important?

A

It enhances absorption of calcium and phosphorus

31
Q

Why is calcium D is important pre-eruptively and post-eruptively?

A

Pre-eruptively - Aids with calcification of all hard tissues and a deficiency could cause enamel or dental hyperplasia

Post eruptively helps repair diseased bone and supports immune function. Deficiency causes osteomalacia and the loss of lamina dura

32
Q

When/How often should you go outside and get vitamin D?

A

15 min/3 times between 11 am and 2 pm

33
Q

Why is vitamin C important?

A

Helps with the formation of collagen

34
Q

Why is vitamin C important Pre-eruptively?

A

helps with the formation of bone and teeth and formation of all connective tissue. Deficiency causes irregular formation of dentin.

35
Q

Why is vitamin C important Post eruptively?

A

Helps with formation of collagen, wound healing, and formation of connective tissue. Deficiency causes enlarged, bluish-red tissues (scurvy)

36
Q

Is there human data on vitamin C deficiency? Also is there a possible effect on caries risk?

A

No & no

37
Q

Major/Macro minerals

A 
Calcium
Chloride 
Magnesium
Phosphorus (phosphate)
Potassium
Sodium
Sulfur
38
Q

Trace minerals

A

As important in body functions just as major minerals just in smaller amounts. More than 30 trace minerals

39
Q

What are the 8 primary roles of minerals in the body?

A
  1. Converting macronutrients to energy
  2. Synthesizing/Activating enzymes
  3. Forming hormones
  4. Forming vitamins from precursor molecules
  5. Forming vitamins from precursor molecules
  6. Forming blood cells and recycling minerals from broken-down cells
  7. Forming connective tissues
  8. Function as antioxidants
40
Q

Calcium and Phosphorus

A

Calcify hard tissues

41
Q

Calcium and Phosphorus (Pre-eruptively & Post-eruptively)?

A

Pre-eruptively - mineralize enamel, cementum, and bone. Deficiency causes hypo calcification of enamel

Post-eruptively - Remineralize hard tissues and maintain bone. Deficiency causes bone loss.

42
Q

Calcium and Phosphorus is there human data and is there a possible effect on caries risk?

A

Yes human data and yes caries risk

43
Q

When is the critical growth period for fluoride?

A

From ages 6 months to 2.5 years when permanent teeth are developing

44
Q

What is fluorides effect pre-eruptively and post eruptively?

A

pre-eruptive - incorporated into developing tooth to add strength

post-eruptive - continues to protect against dental caries

45
Q

What happens if you have too much fluoride?

What about a deficiency in fluoride?

A

Too much - causes dental fluorosis

Deficiency - calcified structures are weak, porous, and open for attack by acid destruction

46
Q

Is there human data and is there a possible caries risk with fluoride deficiency?

A

Yes and yes

47
Q

Why is iron important and what are some deficiencies?

A

Important, synthesizes hemoglobin

Deficiency causes

  • Glossitis
  • Dysphagia
  • Atriphied lingual papilla
  • Gray mucous membranes
  • Angular cheilitis
  • Salivary gland dysfunction
48
Q

Is there any human data on iron deficiencies? Is there an effect on caries risk?

A

No

Yes

49
Q

T/F

High blood levels of lead are associated with increased incidence of tooth caries

A

T

50
Q

T/F

Cotinine, by-product of nicotine, has a indirect relationship with dental caries in children exposed to second hand smoke.

A

F; it has a direct relationship

51
Q

__________ causes permanent intrinsic tooth staining if ingested during tooth development.

A

Tetracycline

52
Q

T/F

High levels of naturally occurring fluoride can cause unsightly dental fluorosis

A

T

53
Q

Diet does not have any correlation or affect growth of mandible, maxilla, and proper tooth eruption in animals

A

F; it does

54
Q

Pregnancy weight gain should be __ lbs per month

A

3

55
Q

During pregnancy calories should increase by 1._____kcal daily.

During lactation calories should increase by 2._____kcal daily.

A
  1. 300; 10-15g protein

2. 500; 15+g protein

56
Q

Test question*

Folic acid

A

Received by:

Green leafy vegetables
Citrus Fruits
Legumes
Fortified cereals

IT PREVENTS CLEFT LIP; US STARTED PUTING FOLIC ACID IN BREAD 50 YRS AGO

57
Q

What should a pre-natal vitamin include?

A 
400 micrograms of folic acid
200 IU of vitmain D
200-300 mg of calcium
70 mg of vitamin C
3 mg of tiamine
2 mg of riboflavin
20 mg of niacin
6 mcg vitamin b12
10 mg of vitamin E
15 mg of zinc
17 mg of iron

DHHD 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions