Grief, Death and Dying Flashcards
it is the absolute cessation of vital functions
death
it is the Study of the experiences of dying and bereavement
Thanatology
the process of losing these vital functions
dying
2 kiinds of death
good death
bad death
kind of death?
one that is free from avoidable distress and suffering for patients, families and caregivers and is reasonably consistent with clinical, cultural and ethical standards
good death
kind of death
characterized by needless suffering, a dishonoring of patient or family wishes or values, and a sense among participants or observers that norms of decency have been offended
bad death
reactions to death
Timely Untimely Intentional Unintentional Subintentional
stages of death according to Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
Stage 1: Shock and Denial Stage 2: Anger Stage 3: Bargaining Stage 4: Depression Stage 5: Acceptance
reactions to death according to Mardi Horowitz
–Outcry
–Denial and Intrusion
–Working Through
–Completion
reactions to death according to Therese Rando
–Recognize the loss –React –Recollect and Re-experience –Relinquish –Readjust –Reinvest
Attitudes Toward Death Across The Life Cycle
according to Jean Piaget
Pre-school (< 5 y.o)
-animistic
–Perioperational stage
–a temporary absence, incomplete and reversible, like departure or sleep
–Separation from primary caregiver is a main fear
Attitudes Toward Death Across The Life Cycle
according to Jean Piaget
Pre-school (5-10 y.o.)
inevitable human mortality
Concrete operational thinking
Death is a final reality that happens to old people not children Usually have active fantasies of violence and aggression dominated by themes of death and killing
Attitudes Toward Death Across The Life Cycle
according to Jean Piaget
Adolescent
Formal concrete operations
–Death is inevitable and final but may not accept possibility of their own death
–Great potential for isolation and withdrawal
- Puberty -universal, inevitable, irreversible
Attitudes Toward Death Across The Life Cycle
Phases according John Bowlby
Phase 1 : Protest
Phase 2 : Despair
Phase 3 : Detachment
according to erik erickson
the age where in they focus on missing the chance to marry
young adults
according to erik erickson
the age wherein frustrated in their plans to enjoy hard earned pleasure
middle age
according to erik erickson
the age wherein they confront increasing reality of their own mortality ; integrity vs despair
older age
it is emotional &/or psychological reaction to any loss, not limited to death
grief
it is the Process by which grief is resolved and societal expression of post bereavement behavior and practices
mourning
it is a State of being deprived of someone by death and being in the state of mourning
bereavement
stages of bereavement according to Clayton
stage 1 numbness
stage 2 depression
stage 3 recovery
stages of Bereavement according to Bowlby
Stage 1 : early phase of acute despair (numbness and protest) Stage 2: phase of intense yearning and searching
Stage 3 : phase of disorganization and despair
Stage 4: phase of reorganization
bereavement in children younger than 2 years old
loss of speech
diffuse distress
bereavement in children younger than 5 years old
eating bowel andbladder dysfunctions strong feelings of sadness fear anxiety
bereavement in children of school aged
hypochondriacal phobic withdrawn psuedomature school performance suffers
bereavement in children in adolescent age
behavioralproblems
somatic symptom serratic moods to stoicism
Symptoms indicating major depressive disorder exceeding usual bereavement
–Guilt about things other than actions taken or not taken by the survivor at the time of death
–Morbid preoccupation with worthlessness
bereavement
–Marked psychomotor retardation
–Prolonged marked functional impairment–Hallucinatory experiences
types of Grief
normal grief
uncomplicated grief
pathological grief
type of grief?
–identifying with the deceased taking on traits/ possessions
–hear fleeting, transient voice
–denial of certain aspects of the deceased
Uncomplicated Grief
type of grief?
-disbelief, denial shock
–Profound sadness survival guilt intact self esteem
–Sense of unreality withdrawal
-anger and irritability
normal grief
type of grief?
-believes he is the dead person or dying of the same disease
–persistent, intrusive complex auditory hallucinations
–dead person still alive
–Denial delayed or absent grief
–Depression impaired self esteem suicidal
–Progressive social isolation
-hostility and paranoid reactions
pathological grief
difference between grief and depression
Grief–mood fluctuations–waves, washes over–time limited
Depression–mood disturbance is pervasive, unremitting– hopeless
it is A normal albeit, intensely painful state that is responsive to support, empathy and passage of time
grief
it is a Potentially a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to forestall a complication like suicide
major depressive disorder
in uncomplicated bereavement without major depression disorder the Psychomotor retardation, morbid guilt & worthlessness, suicidal ideation is ________
rare
in a non-bereavement related major depression disorder, the treatment seeking and responds to anti-depressant treatment is _______
often
bereavement from major depression disorder
the marked functional impairment isrom weeks to months and pervasive
bereavement- related major depression disorder
non-bereavement- related major depression disorder
in dealing with grief
the hallmarks of appropriate careknk
visiting the patient regularly
maintaining eye contact
touching appropriately
listening to what the patient have to say
being willing to answer all questions in a respectful way
it is regularly scheduled sessions where grieving people are encouraged to talk about feelings of loss and about the person who has died
grief therapy
it Appease the spirits thought to have caused the person’s death
ghost protection rituals
death and burial customs
Shutting the eyes of the dead person Covering the face of the dead Carry the dead out of the house feet first Mirrors were covered Family photographs turned face down
death and burial customs
done in cemeteries:
–Tombstones to weigh down the dead
–Mazes at the entrance of ancient tombs
–Beating on the grave, firing of guns, funeral bells and wailing chants
oi–Bodies lie with their heads to the West and their feet to the East
Filipino Practices/Rituals in wake or vigil
–House, funeral parlor, church –Usually lasts for 5-7 days or longer –24 hours –Novenas, prayers, mass everyday –Nearest kin sits beside the coffin
filipino practices/ rituals
in The Requiem Mass/Funeral
–Walk behind the funeral car –Stop at the church after mass relative will make a speech –Grave site –House of the family –Children are passed over the coffin 40 Days
filipino practices /rituals
superstitious beliefs
Feed the mourners, but don’t walk them to the door when they leave.
Don’t sweep the floor while the body is still lying in state or else other deaths in the family may follow
No tears should fall on the dead or the coffin as it would make a person’s journey to the afterlife difficult
When someone sneezes at the wake, pinch him
During the wake the dead person’s relatives must not take a bath
filipino practices /rituals
superstitious beliefs
Food from the wake should not be brought home because it’s believed that the dead touches all of it
After a funeral service, guests should not go directly home. This way the spirit of the dead won’t follow them to their house
When carrying a coffin out for burial, it should be carried head first as it prevents the soul of the dead from coming back
Family members should wear black or white, colors are prohibited
filipino practices /rituals
superstitious beliefs
Weddings, birthdays, and other social activities should not be celebrated for one year
The widow, children, and immediate family members are prohibited from carrying the coffin or else they will become ill and die
While the casket is on its way to the cemetery or the church, relatives who preferred to stay at home should not have a glimpse of the casket or else someone in the family would die
