Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Movement Analysis > GRF, Moments and Pathological Gait > Flashcards

GRF, Moments and Pathological Gait Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Internal joint moments in the Ankle, Knee and Hip during the loading response?

A

Ankle - DF Moment
Knee - Flexor moment
Hip - Extensor Moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Internal joint moment in the ankle during midstance?

A

Plantarflexion to control the rate of the dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Position of the GRF at ankle during the loading phase?

A

Behind the ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the internal joint moment at the ankle during terminal stance

A

Plantarflexion moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the GRF Vector at ankle in terminal stance AND what moment/contraction/muscles are active?

A
  • GRF vector is infront of the ankle joint
  • Anterior GRF causes a high plantarflexion moment
  • Causing a concentric contraction of the triceps surae (power generation) before preswing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the joint moment at the ankle during the pre-swing phase?

A

Plantarflexion moment
- Power generation phase declines (as the foot is nearly off the ground)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens at the ankle during initial swing?

A
  • Ankle rapidly dorsiflexes
  • TA contracts concentrically to cause the motion
  • Small amounts of moments are occuring as the only weight is the weight of the foot.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What Happens at the knee at HS?
(Moments, What type of contraction? What muscles area active?)

A

There is a knee flexor moment

Hamstrings contract to prevent hyperextension of the knee (braking mechanism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What Happens at the knee during the loading phase?
(Moments, What type of contraction? What muscles are active?)

A

GRF lies behind the knee

Internal Extensor Moment
(Eccentric contraction of the Quads –> absorb the power and speed of the knee flexion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GRF at knee in terminal stance & Muscle Activity

A

Behind the knee (aiding the flexion)
Rectus Femoris eccentric contraction (prevent excessive flexion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the double pendulum mechanism?

A

During the Preswing phase, the knee flexes as a result of hip flexion
Shank is left behind due to inertia causing knee flexion to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What Internal Joint Moment occurs at the knee during Terminal Swing?
(Generated by what muscle group)

A

Knee Flexor Moment

Generated by the hamstrings (power absorbtion phase) preventing rapid knee extension and hyperextension before the second heel strike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What moment occurs at the hip during the loading phase? (Generated by what muscle group?)

A

Hip Extensor moment
Generated by the hip extensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Moment Occurs at the hip during mid stance?
(Generated by what?)

A

Hip Extensor Moment

Generated by the extensor moment (power generation) as the body moves over the fixed limb

(Think of the GRF is Behind the Hip Joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of Step Length Asymmetry

A

Weak Push off
Weak Hip Flexor Activity in early swing
Hyperactive hamstrings in late swing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Result of Loss of dorsiflexion function during Gait

A
  • Foot Slap
  • Increased loading time under the heel
  • Decreased loading under the hallux
17
Q

What is a common sign of individual with cerebral palsy at Initial Contact?

A

Knee flexion –> Due to contracture of hamstrings or muscle spasticity

18
Q

What causes excessive knee extension during stance phase?

A

Weak Knee Extensors
Knee pain
- if an individual has pain, locking the knee would result in a stiff joint and limit the pain associated with walking

19
Q

What is Jump Knee?

A

Knee flexed at initial contact but extends during the stance

20
Q

What is vaulting?

A

A compensation for decreased foot clearance on the contralateral side.
Patient goes up on their toes on the non affected leg, to improve toe clearance of the swinging leg (affected leg)

21
Q

What can cause a decrease in stride length / Gait speed?

A

Weak Pushoff

22
Q

What is Circumduction?

A

When the swinging leg is swung outwards during the swing phase
Resulting in advancing the swinging leg in the presence of weak hip flexors

23
Q

Name the pathology:
Pelvis lifted on the side of the swinging leg, by contraction of the spinal muscles and lateral abdominal wall

A

Hip Hiking

24
Q

What is Steppage (Steppage Gait)

A

Exaggerated knee and hip flexion during the swing phase to lift the foot higher than usual for increased ground clearance.
Used for compensation of lack of dorsiflexion control

25
Q

What causes a decrease in swing phase knee flexion?

A

Failure of swing initiation during late stance (as a result from a stiff knee)

26
Q

Why does Forward Trunk Lean Occur?

A

Compensation for weak knee extensors
Aids in hip flexion by moving the GRF anterior to the hip

27
Q

What is Posterior Trunk Lean (Stance Phase)

A

The line of force passes behind the hip to compensate for weak hip extensors

28
Q

What is Posterior Trunk Lean (Swing Phase)

A

Throwing the trunk backwards in order to propel the swinging leg forwards
Used for a compensation of weak hip flexors or spasticity of the hip extensors
Can also be used for lack of knee flexion (whole leg accelerated forwards which increases demands on the hip flexors

29
Q

What is the Trendelenburg Sign?

A

Weak Gluteus Medius
Leaning trunk towards the weak side
Hip Drops to the contralateral side

30
Q

What is Hip Leading Gait?

A

Is a result of foot medial rotation Or Femoral Anteversion
Bringing the foot straight causes the hip to externally rotate
Thus Internal pelvic rotation on the affected side

31
Q

What is a good indicator of pain during gait?

A

Decreased stance time on the side of pain

32
Q

Is there a dorsiflexion or Plantarflexion internal moment during a walking Gait at Heelstrike? Why?

A

Dorsiflexion moment

Due to rear foot striking and Tibialis anterior is needed eccentrically to produce the lowering of the foot during the loading phase

33
Q

Is there a dorsiflexion or Plantarflexion internal moment during a Running Gait at Heelstrike? Why?

A

Plantarflexion moment

Due to front foot striking at higher speeds, there is no need to lower the foot to the ground

Movement Analysis (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions